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An Interoperable and Inclusive User Modeling Concept for Simulation and Adaptation

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A Multimodal End-2-End Approach to Accessible Computing

Part of the book series: Human–Computer Interaction Series ((HCIS))

Abstract

User models can be considered as explicit representations of the properties of an individual user including user’s needs, preferences as well as physical, cognitive and behavioral characteristics. Due to the wide range of applications, it is often difficult to have a common format or even definition of user models. The lack of a common definition also makes different user models – even if developed for the same purpose -incompatible to each other. It does not only reduce the portability of user models but also restricts new models to leverage benefit from earlier research on similar field. This chapter presents a brief literature survey on user models and concept of an interoperable user model that takes a more inclusive approach than previous research. It is an initiative of the EU VUMS cluster of projects which aims to simulate user interaction and adapt interfaces across a wide variety of digital and non-digital platforms for both able bodied and disabled users. We have already been successful to define an application and platform-independent user model exchange format and the importing of any user profile across all projects.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    http://www.guide-project.eu/

  2. 2.

    http://www.myui.eu/

  3. 3.

    http://www.veritas-project.eu/

  4. 4.

    http://www.vicon-project.eu/

  5. 5.

    http://www.vaalid-project.org/

  6. 6.

    https://simtk.org/home/opensim

  7. 7.

    http://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/en_us

  8. 8.

    http://www.human-solutions.com/automotive/products_r_auto_en.php

  9. 9.

    http://www.santoshumaninc.com/

  10. 10.

    http://www.3ds.com/products/delmia/solutions/human-modeling/overview/#vid1

  11. 11.

    http://cogtool.hcii.cs.cmu.edu/

  12. 12.

    https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0AnAwpf4jk8LSdDd3TEJWLUtmN290YzVfTkNvcHYyMUE&authkey=CPOO65oE

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, CB2 1PZ, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK

    Pradipta Biswas & Pat Langdon

  2. Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece

    N. Kaklanis & D. Tzovaras

  3. Fraunhofer FIT, 3754, Sankt Augustin, Germany

    Y. Mohamad

  4. Fraunhofer IAO, Nobelstr. 12, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany

    M. Peissner

  5. Institut für Graphische Datenverarbeitung, Fraunhofer IGD, Fraunhoferstr. 5, 64283, Darmstadt, Germany

    Christoph Jung

Authors
  1. Pradipta Biswas
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  2. N. Kaklanis
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  3. Y. Mohamad
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  4. M. Peissner
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  5. Pat Langdon
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  6. D. Tzovaras
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  7. Christoph Jung
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pradipta Biswas .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Sreet, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom

    Pradipta Biswas

  2. Department of Informatics, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal

    Carlos Duarte

  3. Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom

    Patrick Langdon

  4. Centro de Computação Gráfica, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal

    Luis Almeida

  5. Fraunhofer IGD, Fraunhoferstr. 5, Darmstadt, 64283, Germany

    Christoph Jung

Appendices

Appendices

1.1 Appendix 1 – VUMS Exchange Format

User profile for Mr John Brown (common persona) in VUMS Exchange Format

<xml>

<User>

<ID>User_Model</ID>

<General>

<FirstName>John</FirstName>

<LastName>Brown</LastName>

<Email>jBrown@gmail.com</Email>

<Language>EN</Language>

<UserName>jBrown</UserName>

<Password>jBrownPass</Password>

<Age>70</Age>

<Sex>Male</Sex>

</General>

<Preferences>

<preferredInputModality>Pointing</preferredInputModality>

<unsuitableInputModality>True</unsuitableInputModality>

<preferredOutputModality>Screen</preferredOutputModality>

<unsuitableOutputModality>Screen</unsuitableOutputModality>

<microphoneVolume>2.0</microphoneVolume>

<outputVolume>5.0</outputVolume>

<brightness>5.0</brightness>

<backgroundColour>Undefined</backgroundColour>

<contentContrast>Undefined</contentContrast>

<fontSize>7</fontSize>

<fontColour>Blue</fontColour>

<pointerSize>6.0</pointerSize>

<pointerColour>White</pointerColour>

<SuccessfulInteractions>1</SuccessfulInteractions>

<StateTransitions>1</StateTransitions>

<Experience>7.0</Experience>

</Preferences>

<AffectedTasks>

<AffectedTask id="grasping_ID" type="motor"name="grasping" taskObject=""

details="difficulty in grasping" failureLevel="2"/>

<AffectedTask id="reading_ID" type="visual"name="reading" taskObject=""

details="difficulty in reading" failureLevel="3"/>

<AffectedTask id="walking_ID" type="motor"name="walking" taskObject=""

details="difficulty in walking" failureLevel="4"/>

</AffectedTasks>

<Anthropometric>

<weight measureUnits="kgr" value="73.829723"/>

<stature measureUnits="cm" value="169.906063"/>

<headLength measureUnits="cm" value="19.01"/>

<headBreadth measureUnits="cm" value="15.97"/>

<sittingHeight measureUnits="cm"value="89.664626"/>

<bideltoidBreadth measureUnits="cm"value="46.89837"/>

<waistCircumference measureUnits="cm"value="96.169888"/>

<upperLimbAnthropometric leftRight="left">

<shoulderElbowLength measureUnits="cm"value="32.80659"/>

<forearmHandLength measureUnits="cm"value="46.17879"/>

<bicepsCircumferenceRelaxed measureUnits="cm"value="25.231592"/>

<forearmCircumferenceFlexed measureUnits="cm"value="27.84888"/>

</upperLimbAnthropometric>

<upperLimbAnthropometric leftRight="right">

<shoulderElbowLength measureUnits="cm"value="32.80659"/>

<forearmHandLength measureUnits="cm"value="46.17879"/>

<bicepsCircumferenceRelaxed measureUnits="cm"value="25.231592"/>

<forearmCircumferenceFlexed measureUnits="cm"value="27.84888"/>

</upperLimbAnthropometric>

<lowerLimbAnthropometric leftRight="left">

<ankleHeight measureUnits="cm"value="7.49009"/>

<hipBreadth measureUnits="cm"value="35.056997"/>

<kneeHeightSitting measureUnits="cm"value="52.246091"/>

<buttockKneeLength measureUnits="cm"value="58.542994"/>

<footLength measureUnits="cm"value="26.3498"/>

<footBreadth measureUnits="cm" value="10.18"/>

<thighCircumference measureUnits="cm"value="51.327725"/>

<calfCircumference measureUnits="cm"value="31.083029"/>

</lowerLimbAnthropometric>

<lowerLimbAnthropometric leftRight="right">

<ankleHeight measureUnits="cm"value="7.49009"/>

<hipBreadth measureUnits="cm"value="35.056997"/>

<kneeHeightSitting measureUnits="cm"value="52.246091"/>

<buttockKneeLength measureUnits="cm"value="58.542994"/>

<footLength measureUnits="cm"value="26.3498"/>

<footBreadth measureUnits="cm" value="10.18"/>

<thighCircumference measureUnits="cm"value="51.327725"/>

<calfCircumference measureUnits="cm"value="31.083029"/>

</lowerLimbAnthropometric>

</Anthropometric>

<Visual>

<leftEye>

<visualAcuity>

<Value>-5.0</Value>

<Acuity1>6</Acuity1>

<Acuity2>10</Acuity2>

</visualAcuity>

<contrastSensitivity>80</contrastSensitivity>

<glareSensitivity>1.0</glareSensitivity>

<spectralSensitivity longValue="1.0"middleValue="1.0" shortValue="1.0"/>

<blindSpotArea minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<blindSpotSize minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<blindSpotOpacity minValue="0.0"maxValue="0.0"/>

<blindSpotCount>4</blindSpotCount>

<FieldLossP>0</FieldLossP>

<FieldLossC>0</FieldLossC>

<CB>0</CB>

<Distortion>0</Distortion>

</leftEye>

<rightEye>

<visualAcuity>

<Value>-5.0</Value>

<Acuity1>6</Acuity1>

<Acuity2>10</Acuity2>

</visualAcuity>

<contrastSensitivity>80</contrastSensitivity>

<glareSensitivity>1.0</glareSensitivity>

<spectralSensitivity longValue="1.0"middleValue="1.0" shortValue="1.0"/>

<blindSpotArea minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<blindSpotSize minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<blindSpotOpacity minValue="0.0"maxValue="0.0"/>

<blindSpotCount>4</blindSpotCount>

<FieldLossP>0</FieldLossP>

<FieldLossC>0</FieldLossC>

<CB>0</CB>

<Distortion>0</Distortion>

</rightEye>

</Visual>

<Auditory>

<leftEar>

<resonanceFrequency>10.0</resonanceFrequency>

<quarterK>5</quarterK>

<halfK>10</halfK>

<oneK>10</oneK>

<twoK>9</twoK>

<fourK>8</fourK>

<eightK>8</eightK>

<hearing>0.0</hearing>

</leftEar>

<rightEar>

<resonanceFrequency>10.0</resonanceFrequency>

<quarterK>5</quarterK>

<halfK>10</halfK>

<oneK>10</oneK>

<twoK>9</twoK>

<fourK>8</fourK>

<eightK>8</eightK>

<hearing>0.0</hearing>

</rightEar>

</Auditory>

<Cognitive>

<TMT>23</TMT>

<DIGSYM>43</DIGSYM>

<LanguageReception>0.0</LanguageReception>

<LanguageProduction>0.0</LanguageProduction>

<UnderstandingAbstractSigns>0.0</UnderstandingAbstractSigns>

<Attention>0.0</Attention>

<ProcessingSpeed>0.0</ProcessingSpeed>

<WorkingMemory>0.0</WorkingMemory>

<LongTermMemory>0.0</LongTermMemory>

<ICTLiteracy>0.0</ICTLiteracy>

<ICTAnxiousness>0.0</ICTAnxiousness>

<HandEyeCoordination>0.5</HandEyeCoordination>

<visuospatialAbilities>Undefined</visuospatialAbilities>

<behaviour>

<physiologicalArousal>

<informationProcessing>Undefined</informationProcessing>

</physiologicalArousal>

<valence>Undefined</valence>

<emotionalIntelligence>Undefined</emotionalIntelligence>

</behaviour>

</Cognitive>

<Speech>

<phonation>

<voicePitch>120.0</voicePitch>

<fundamentalFrequency>135.0</fundamentalFrequency>

<syllableDuration>-1.0</syllableDuration>

</phonation>

<prosody>

<vocalStress>

<lipMovementCoordination></lipMovementCoordination>

<jawMovement></jawMovement>

</vocalStress>

</prosody>

</Speech>

<Mobility>

<upperLimb leftRight="left">

<pullForce measureUnits="N" maxValue="335.0"/>

<pushForce measureUnits="N" maxValue="335.0"/>

<inForce measureUnits="N" maxValue="335.0"/>

<outForce measureUnits="N" maxValue="335.0"/>

<shoulderTorque measureUnits="Nm"maxValue="-1.0"/>

<elbowTorque measureUnits="Nm"maxValue="-1.0"/>

<GripStrength measureUnits="Kg" maxValue="30"/>

<StaticTremor measureUnits=" "maxValue="335"/>

<hand>

<finger fingerID="thumb">

<flexionA measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

<extensionA measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<abductionA measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

<adductionA measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<flexionB measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

<extensionB measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

<abductionB measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

<adductionB measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<flexionC measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="90.0"/>

<hyperExtensionC measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="10.0"/>

</finger>

<finger fingerID="index finger">

<flexionA measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="85.0"/>

<hyperExtensionA measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<flexionB measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="90.0"/>

<hyperExtensionB measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<flexionC measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="90.0"/>

<hyperExtensionC measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="10.0"/>

</finger>

<finger fingerID="middle finger">

<flexionA measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="85.0"/>

<hyperExtensionA measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<flexionB measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="90.0"/>

<hyperExtensionB measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<flexionC measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="90.0"/>

<hyperExtensionC measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="10.0"/>

</finger>

<finger fingerID="ring finger">

<flexionA measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="85.0"/>

<hyperExtensionA measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<flexionB measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="90.0"/>

<hyperExtensionB measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<flexionC measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="90.0"/>

<hyperExtensionC measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="10.0"/>

</finger>

<finger fingerID="baby finger">

<flexionA measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="85.0"/>

<hyperExtensionA measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<flexionB measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="90.0"/>

<hyperExtensionB measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<flexionC measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="90.0"/>

<hyperExtensionC measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="10.0"/>

</finger>

</hand>

<wrist>

<flexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="55.0"/>

<extension measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="47.5"/>

<radialDeviation measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="27.5"/>

<ulnarDeviation measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

</wrist>

<forearm>

<pronation measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="85.0"/>

<supination measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="85.0"/>

</forearm>

<elbow>

<flexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="142.5"/>

<hyperExtension measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="10.0"/>

</elbow>

<shoulder>

<flexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="86.0"/>

<extension measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="40.0"/>

<abduction measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="21.0"/>

<adduction measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="30.0"/>

<internalRotation measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="80.0"/>

<externalRotation measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="12.0"/>

</shoulder>

</upperLimb>

<upperLimb leftRight="right">

<pullForce measureUnits="N" maxValue="335.0"/>

<pushForce measureUnits="N" maxValue="335.0"/>

<inForce measureUnits="N" maxValue="335.0"/>

<outForce measureUnits="N" maxValue="335.0"/>

<shoulderTorque measureUnits="Nm"maxValue="-1.0"/>

<elbowTorque measureUnits="Nm"maxValue="-1.0"/>

<GripStrength measureUnits="Kg" maxValue="32"/>

<StaticTremor measureUnits=" "maxValue="305"/>

<hand>

<finger fingerID="thumb">

<flexionA measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

<extensionA measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<abductionA measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

<adductionA measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<flexionB measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

<extensionB measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

<abductionB measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

<adductionB measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<flexionC measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="90.0"/>

<hyperExtensionC measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="10.0"/>

</finger>

<finger fingerID="index finger">

<flexionA measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="85.0"/>

<hyperExtensionA measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<flexionB measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="90.0"/>

<hyperExtensionB measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<flexionC measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="90.0"/>

<hyperExtensionC measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="10.0"/>

</finger>

<finger fingerID="middle finger">

<flexionA measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="85.0"/>

<hyperExtensionA measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<flexionB measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="90.0"/>

<hyperExtensionB measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<flexionC measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="90.0"/>

<hyperExtensionC measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="10.0"/>

</finger>

<finger fingerID="ring finger">

<flexionA measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="85.0"/>

<hyperExtensionA measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<flexionB measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="90.0"/>

<hyperExtensionB measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<flexionC measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="90.0"/>

<hyperExtensionC measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="10.0"/>

</finger>

<finger fingerID="baby finger">

<flexionA measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="85.0"/>

<hyperExtensionA measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<flexionB measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="90.0"/>

<hyperExtensionB measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="0.0"/>

<flexionC measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="90.0"/>

<hyperExtensionC measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="10.0"/>

</finger>

</hand>

<wrist>

<flexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="55.0"/>

<extension measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="47.5"/>

<radialDeviation measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="27.5"/>

<ulnarDeviation measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

</wrist>

<forearm>

<pronation measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="85.0"/>

<supination measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="85.0"/>

</forearm>

<elbow>

<flexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="142.5"/>

<hyperExtension measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="10.0"/>

</elbow>

<shoulder>

<flexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="86.0"/>

<extension measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="40.0"/>

<abduction measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="21.0"/>

<adduction measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="30.0"/>

<internalRotation measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="80.0"/>

<externalRotation measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="12.0"/>

</shoulder>

</upperLimb>

<lowerLimb leftRight="left">

<hip>

<abduction measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="37.5"/>

<adduction measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="25.0"/>

<flexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="135.0"/>

<extension measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="10.0"/>

<internalRotation measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="40.0"/>

<externalRotation measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="40.0"/>

<flexionTorque measureUnits="Nm"minValue="0.0" maxValue="58.62"/>

<extensionTorque measureUnits="Nm"minValue="0.0" maxValue="40.82"/>

</hip>

<knee>

<flexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="135.0"/>

<hyperExtension measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="7.5"/>

<flexionForce measureUnits="N"minValue="0.0" maxValue="162.42"/>

<extensionForce measureUnits="N"minValue="0.0" maxValue="783.0"/>

</knee>

<ankle>

<dorsiFlexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="25.0"/>

<plantarFlexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="45.0"/>

<eversion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="32.5"/>

<inversion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="30.0"/>

</ankle>

<footToe footToeID="1">

<flexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

<extension measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

</footToe>

<footToe footToeID="2">

<flexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

<extension measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

</footToe>

<footToe footToeID="3">

<flexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

<extension measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

</footToe>

<footToe footToeID="4">

<flexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

<extension measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

</footToe>

<footToe footToeID="5">

<flexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

<extension measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

</footToe>

</lowerLimb>

<lowerLimb leftRight="right">

<hip>

<abduction measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="37.5"/>

<adduction measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="25.0"/>

<flexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="135.0"/>

<extension measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="10.0"/>

<internalRotation measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="40.0"/>

<externalRotation measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="40.0"/>

<flexionTorque measureUnits="Nm"minValue="0.0" maxValue="58.62"/>

<extensionTorque measureUnits="Nm"minValue="0.0" maxValue="40.82"/>

</hip>

<knee>

<flexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="135.0"/>

<hyperExtension measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="7.5"/>

<flexionForce measureUnits="N"minValue="0.0" maxValue="162.42"/>

<extensionForce measureUnits="N"minValue="0.0" maxValue="783.0"/>

</knee>

<ankle>

<dorsiFlexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="25.0"/>

<plantarFlexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="45.0"/>

<eversion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="32.5"/>

<inversion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="30.0"/>

</ankle>

<footToe footToeID="1">

<flexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

<extension measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

</footToe>

<footToe footToeID="2">

<flexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

<extension measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

</footToe>

<footToe footToeID="3">

<flexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

<extension measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

</footToe>

<footToe footToeID="4">

<flexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

<extension measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

</footToe>

<footToe footToeID="5">

<flexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

<extension measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="35.0"/>

</footToe>

</lowerLimb>

<neck>

<flexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="40.0"/>

<extension measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="40.0"/>

<leftLateralFlexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="45.0"/>

<rightLateralFlexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="45.0"/>

<leftLateralRotation measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="70.0"/>

<rightLateralRotation measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="70.0"/>

</neck>

<spinalColumn>

<flexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="90.0"/>

<extension measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="30.0"/>

<leftLateralFlexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="25.0"/>

<rightLateralFlexion measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="25.0"/>

<leftLateralRotation measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="30.0"/>

<rightLateralRotation measureUnits="degrees"minValue="0.0" maxValue="30.0"/>

</spinalColumn>

<gait>

<stepLength measureUnits="m" value="0.75"/>

<stepWidth measureUnits="m" value="-1.0"/>

<strideLength measureUnits="m" value="1.58"/>

<footContact>-1.0</footContact>

<gaitCycle measureUnits="s" value="1.07"/>

<cadence measureUnits="steps/minute"value="112.0"/>

<velocity measureUnits="cm/sec" value="82.0"/>

<doubleSupport measureUnits="% gait cycle"value="20.0"/>

<stepAsymmetry measureUnits="absolute"value="1.0"/>

<weightShift measureUnits="degrees"value="-1.0"/>

</gait>

</Mobility>

</User>

</xml>

1.2 Appendix 2 – GUIDE Profile Generated from VUMS Exchange Format

Example of a converter, GUIDE converter generates a shorter profile by parsing relevant fields for GUIDE project

<xml>

<User>

<ID>User_Model</ID>

<General>

<UserName>jBrown</UserName>

<Password>jBrownPass</Password>

<Age>70</Age>

<Sex>Male</Sex>

<Height>170</Height>

</General>

<Preferences>

<outputVolume>5.0</outputVolume>

<fontSize>7</fontSize>

<fontColour>Blue</fontColour>

<cursorSize>6.0</cursorSize>

<cursorColour>White</cursorColour>

</Preferences>

<Visual>

<Acuity>

<maxValue>-5</maxValue>

<Acuity1>6</Acuity1>

<Acuity2>10</Acuity2>

</Acuity>

<CS>100</CS>

<Scotoma>4</Scotoma>

<FieldLossP>0</FieldLossP>

<FieldLossC>0</FieldLossC>

<CB>4</CB>

<MD>0</MD>

</Visual>

<Auditory>

<halfK>10</halfK>

<oneK>10</oneK>

<twoK>9</twoK>

<fourK>8</fourK>

<eightK>8</eightK>

</Auditory>

<Cognitive>

<TMT>23</TMT>

<DIGSYM>43</DIGSYM>

</Cognitive>

<Mobility>

<GS>30</GS>

<Tremor>335</Tremor>

<ROMW>62.5</ROMW>

<ROMFA>170</ROMFA>

</Mobility>

</User>

</xml>

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Biswas, P. et al. (2013). An Interoperable and Inclusive User Modeling Concept for Simulation and Adaptation. In: Biswas, P., Duarte, C., Langdon, P., Almeida, L., Jung, C. (eds) A Multimodal End-2-End Approach to Accessible Computing. Human–Computer Interaction Series. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5082-4_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5082-4_10

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  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-5082-4

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