Abstract
The microstructure evolution of 10Cr ferritic/martensitic heat-resistant steel during creep at 600 °C is a main topic in this chapter. The 10Cr steel has higher creep strength than conventional ASME-P92 steel. The martensitic laths coarsen with time and eventually develop into subgrains during creep. Laves phase grows and clusters along the prior austenite grain boundaries during creep and causes the fluctuation of solution and precipitation strengthening effects. The microstructure evolution could be accelerated by stress. Laves phase is one of the most significant precipitates in ferritic/martensitic heat-resistant steels. Cobalt in the steel could accelerate the growth of Laves phase and coalescence of the large Laves phase would lead to the brittle intergranular fracture. Another topic of this chapter is the microstructural evolution during short-term thermal exposure of 9/12Cr heat-resistant steels, as well as mechanical properties after exposure. The tempered martensitic lath structure, as well as the precipitation of carbide and MX-type carbonitrides in the steel matrix is stable after 3,000 h exposure at 600 °C. During short-term thermal exposure process, the change of mechanical properties is mainly caused by the formation and growth of Laves phase precipitates.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abe F (2004) Coarsening behavior of lath and its effect on creep rates in tempered martensitic 9Cr–W steels. Mater Sci Eng A 387–389:565–569. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2004.01.057
Abe F, Semba H, Sakuraya T (2007) Effect of boron on microstructure and creep deformation behavior of tempered martensitic 9Cr steel. Mater Sci Forum 539–543:2982–2987. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.539-543.2982
Blach J, Falat L, Ševc P (2009) Fracture characteristics of thermally exposed 9Cr-1Mo steel after tensile and impact testing at room temperature. Eng Fail Anal 16:1397–1403. doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2008.09.003
Cui J, Kim IS, Kang CY, Miyahara K (2001) Creep stress effect on the precipitation behavior of Laves phase in Fe-10 % Cr-6 % W alloys. ISIJ Int 41:368–371. doi:10.2355/isijinternational.41.368
Fernández P, Hernández-Mayoral M, Lapeña J, Lancha AM, De Diego G (2002) Correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties of reduced activation modified F-82H ferritic martensitic steel. Mater Sci Technol 18:1353–1362. doi:10.1179/026708302225007411
Ghassemi-Armaki H, Chen RP, Maruyama K, Yoshizawa M, Igarashi M (2009) Static recovery of tempered lath martensite microstructures during long-term aging in 9–12 % Cr heat resistant steels. Mater Lett 63:2423–2425. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2009.08.024
Gustafson Å, Ågren J (2001) Possible effect of Co on coarsening of M23C6 carbide and Orowan stress in a 9 % Cr steel. ISIJ Int 41:356–360. doi:10.2355/isijinternational.41.356
Hald J (2008) Microstructure and long-term creep properties of 9–12 % Cr steels. Int J Pres Ves Pip 85:30–37. doi:10.1016/j.ijpvp.2007.06.010
Hasegawa T, Abe YR, Tomita Y, Maruyama N, Sugiyama M (2001) Microstructural evolution during creep test in 9Cr–2W–V–Ta steels and 9Cr–1Mo–V–Nb steels. ISIJ Int 41:922–929. doi:10.2355/isijinternational.41.922
He Y, Yang K, Qu W, Kong F, Su G (2002) Strengthening and toughing of a 2800-MPa grade maraging steel. Mater Lett 56:763–769. doi:10.1016/S0167-577X(02)00610-9
Helis L, Toda Y, Hara T, Miyazaki H, Abe F (2009) Effect of cobalt on the microstructure of tempered martensitic 9Cr steel for ultra-supercritical power plants. Mater Sci Eng A 510–511:88–94. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2008.04.131
Hu P, Yan W, Sha W, Wang W, Guo Z, Shan Y, Yang K (2009) Study on laves phase in an advanced heat-resistant steel. Front Mater Sci Chin 3:434–441. doi:10.1007/s11706-009-0063-7
Hu P, Yan W, Sha W, Wang W, Shan Y, Yang K (2011) Microstructure evolution of a 10Cr heat-resistant steel during high temperature creep. J Mater Sci Technol 27:344–351. doi:10.1016/S1005-0302(11)60072-8
Kadoya Y, Dyson BF, McLean M (2002) Microstructural stability during creep of Mo- or W-bearing 12Cr steels. Metall Mater Trans A 33A:2549–2557. doi:10.1007/s11661-002-0375-z
Kim BC, Park SW, Lee DG (2008) Fracture toughness of the nano-particle reinforced epoxy composite. Compos Struct 86:69–77. doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2008.03.005
Lee JS, Armaki HG, Maruyama K, Maruki T, Asahi H (2006) Causes of breakdown of creep strength in 9Cr-1.8W-0.5Mo-VNb steel. Mater Sci Eng A 428:270–275. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2006.05.010
Li Q (2006) Precipitation of Fe2W laves phase and modeling of its direct influence on the strength of a 12Cr-2W steel. Metall Mater Trans A 37A:89–97. doi:10.1007/s11661-006-0155-2
Maruyama K, Sawada K, Koike J (2001) Strengthening mechanisms of creep resistant tempered martensitic steel. ISIJ Int 41:641–653. doi:10.2355/isijinternational.41.641
Sawada K, Kubo K, Abe F (2001) Creep behavior and stability of MX precipitates at high temperature in 9Cr-0.5Mo-1.8W-VNb steel. Mater Sci Eng A 319–321:784–787. doi:10.1016/S0921-5093(01)00973-X
Thomas Paul V, Saroja S, Vijayalakshmi M (2008) Microstructural stability of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel during long term exposures at elevated temperatures. J Nucl Mater 378:273–281. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.06.033
Yamada K, Igarashi M, Muneki S, Abe F (2003) Effect of Co addition on microstructure in high Cr ferritic steels. ISIJ Int 43:1438–1443. doi:10.2355/isijinternational.43.1438
Wang W, Yan W, Sha W, Shan Y, Yang K (2012) Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of short-term thermally exposed 9/12Cr heat-resistant steels. Metall Mater Trans A 43 A, pp 4113–4122. doi:10.1007/s11661-012-1240-3
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sha, W. (2013). Heat-Resistant Steel. In: Steels. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4872-2_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4872-2_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-4871-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-4872-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)