Abstract
Urinary tract infections are among the most frequent infections encountered in both the community and the hospital environment. They range from harmless asymptomatic bacteriuria and self-curing cystitis to severe pyelonephritis with life-threatening sepsis. Escherichia coli is the most common gram-negative urinary tract pathogen followed by Proteus sp., Klebsiella sp., and other Enterobacteriaceae. Gram-positive species such as Enterococci and Staphylococcus spp. are often found in urine culture.
Early diagnoses and determination of the severity of the infection are necessary for an effective medical treatment. Urological patients are particularly prone to urinary tract infections, and the identification of a possible risk factor requiring a surgical intervention or drainage can be vital to the patient.
In view of the worsening resistance pattern of common urinary pathogens against available antibiotics, it is important to comply with evidence-based, recommended treatment regimens.
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Further Reading
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Grabe, M. (2013). Diagnosis and Management of Infections of the Urinary Tract. In: Rané, A., Dasgupta, R. (eds) Urinary Tract Infection. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4709-1_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4709-1_2
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