Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) and neck pain (NP) are the most common spine diseases and the cause of absence from work in developed countries. Around 80 % of adults suffer from back pain or low back pain during a lifetime. Fifty-five percent suffer from radicular pain, of these 44 % in the cervical region, 15 % thoracic, and 66 % lumbar level. Most symptoms revolve spontaneously within few days or weeks with medical/conservative therapy, while about one-third of patients progress to chronic pain. The causes of chronic LBP or NP include vertebral body pathology, vertebral disc disease, spinal stenosis, nerve entrapment syndrome, and facet joint disease. The diagnosis of LBP or NP is difficult and should be done by a multidisciplinary team including clinical evaluation, imaging (CT, MRI, EMG), and multi-specialist approach (radiologist, neuroradiologist, neurosurgeons, and neurologist).
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Guarnieri, G., Izzo, R., Muto, M. (2014). Percutaneous Spinal Injections: Nerve Epidural and Neural Foraminal/Facet Joint Injections. In: Murphy, K., Robertson, F. (eds) Interventional Neuroradiology. Techniques in Interventional Radiology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4582-0_23
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4582-0_23
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