Abstract
Despite the recent proliferation of modern 3D computer-generated imagery, the classical 2D hand-drawn style retains an important role in the field of cartoon animation. Although existing 3D modelling and animation tools open a vast pool of new possibilities, they still suffer from lack of expressiveness. This chapter presents a selection of advanced image processing techniques, the aim of which is to build a bridge between hand-drawn 2D animation and fully computer-assisted approaches. Tailored for usage in a real production pipeline, these techniques enable various complex manipulation and enhancement tasks such as colorization, 2D-to-3D conversion, example-based synthesis or rendering similar to 3D computer-generated imagery to be done with minimal user effort.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexa, M., Cohen-Or, D., Levin, D.: As-rigid-as-possible shape interpolation. In: ACM SIGGRAPH Conference Proceedings, pp. 157–164 (2000)
Belongie, S., Malik, J., Puzicha, J.: Shape matching and object recognition using shape contexts. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 24(24), 509–522 (2002)
Boykov, Y., Funka-Lea, G.: Graph cuts and efficient N-D image segmentation. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 70(2), 109–131 (2006)
Boykov, Y., Kolmogorov, V.: An experimental comparison of min-cut/max-flow algorithms for energy minimization in vision. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 26(9), 1124–1137 (2004)
Boykov, Y., Veksler, O., Zabih, R.: Markov random fields with efficient approximations. In: Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 648–655 (1998)
Dahlhaus, E., Johnson, D.S., Papadimitriou, C.H., Seymour, P.D., Yannakakis, M.: The complexity of multiway cuts. In: Proceedings of ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, pp. 241–251 (1992)
Ecker, A., Jepson, A.D.: Polynomial shape from shading. In: Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 145–152 (2010)
Felzenszwalb, P.F., Huttenlocher, D.P.: Distance transforms of sampled functions. Tech. Rep. TR2004-1963, Cornell University (2004)
Glocker, B., Komodakis, N., Tziritas, G., Navab, N., Paragios, N.: Dense image registration through MRFs and efficient linear programming. Med. Image Anal. 12(6), 731–741 (2008)
Grady, L.: Random walks for image segmentation. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 28(11), 1768–1783 (2006)
Igarashi, T., Moscovich, T., Hughes, J.F.: As-rigid-as-possible shape manipulation. ACM Trans. Graph. 24(3), 1134–1141 (2005)
Jamriška, O., Sýkora, D., Hornung, A.: Cache-efficient graph cuts on structured grids. In: Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 3673–3680 (2012)
Jeschke, S., Cline, D., Wonka, P.: A GPU Laplacian solver for diffusion curves and Poisson image editing. ACM Trans. Graph. 28(5), 116 (2009)
Johnston, S.F.: Lumo: illumination for cel animation. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Non-photorealistic Animation and Rendering, pp. 45–52 (2002)
Kahn, A.B.: Topological sorting of large networks. Commun. ACM 5(11), 558–562 (1962)
Kaneko, T., Takahei, T., Inami, M., Kawakami, N., Yanagida, Y., Maeda, T., Tachi, S.: Detailed shape representation with parallax mapping. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence, pp. 205–208 (2001)
Koenderink, J.J.: Pictorial relief. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 356(1740), 1071–1086 (1998)
Koenderink, J.J., van Doorn, A.J., Kappers, A.M.L.: Pictorial surface attitude and local depth comparisons. Percept. Psychophys. 58(2), 163–173 (1996)
Langer, M.S., Buelthoff, H.H.: Depth discrimination from shading under diffuse lighting. Perception 29(6), 649–660 (2000)
Levin, A., Lischinski, D., Weiss, Y.: Colorization using optimization. ACM Trans. Graph. 23(3), 689–694 (2004)
Lowe, D.G.: Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 60(2), 91–110 (2004)
Luft, T., Colditz, C., Deussen, O.: Image enhancement by unsharp masking the depth buffer. ACM Trans. Graph. 25(3), 1206–1213 (2006)
McCann, J., Pollard, N.S.: Local layering. ACM Trans. Graph. 28(3), 84 (2009)
Orzan, A., Bousseau, A., Winnemöller, H., Barla, P., Thollot, J., Salesin, D.: Diffusion curves: a vector representation for smooth-shaded images. ACM Trans. Graph. 27(3), 92 (2008)
Pao, H.K., Geiger, D., Rubin, N.: Measuring convexity for figure/ground separation. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 948–955 (1999)
Potts, R.: Some generalized order-disorder transformation. In: Proceedings of Cambridge Philosophical Society, vol. 48, pp. 106–109 (1952)
Qu, Y., Wong, T.T., Heng, P.A.: Manga colorization. ACM Trans. Graph. 25(3), 1214–1220 (2006)
Schaefer, S., McPhail, T., Warren, J.: Image deformation using moving least squares. ACM Trans. Graph. 25(3), 533–540 (2006)
Shekhovtsov, A., Kovtun, I., Hlaváč, V.: Efficient MRF deformation model for non-rigid image matching. Comput. Vis. Image Underst. 112(1), 91–99 (2008)
Sýkora, D., Buriánek, J., Žára, J.: Colorization of black-and-white cartoons. Image Vis. Comput. 23(9), 767–782 (2005)
Sýkora, D., Buriánek, J., Žára, J.: Sketching cartoons by example. In: Proceedings of Eurographics Workshop on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling, pp. 27–34 (2005)
Sýkora, D., Dingliana, J., Collins, S.: As-rigid-as-possible image registration for hand-drawn cartoon animations. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Non-photorealistic Animation and Rendering, pp. 25–33 (2009)
Sýkora, D., Dingliana, J., Collins, S.: LazyBrush: flexible painting tool for hand-drawn cartoons. Comput. Graph. Forum 28(2), 599–608 (2009)
Sýkora, D., Sedlacek, D., Jinchao, S., Dingliana, J., Collins, S.: Adding depth to cartoons using sparse depth (in)equalities. Comput. Graph. Forum 29(2), 615–623 (2010)
Sýkora, D., Ben-Chen, M., Čadík, M., Whited, B., Simmons, M.: TexToons: practical texture mapping for hand-drawn cartoon animations. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Non-photorealistic Animation and Rendering, pp. 75–83 (2011)
Walther, D., Koch, C.: Modeling attention to salient proto-objects. Neural Netw. 19(9), 1395–1407 (2006)
Wang, Y., Xu, K., Xiong, Y., Cheng, Z.Q.: 2D shape deformation based on rigid square matching. Comput. Animat. Virtual Worlds 19(3–4), 411–420 (2008)
Winnemöller, H., Orzan, A., Boissieux, L., Thollot, J.: Texture design and draping in 2D images. Comput. Graph. Forum 28(4), 1091–1099 (2009)
Yarbus, A.L.: Eye Movements and Vision. Plenum, New York (1967)
Acknowledgements
This work has been supported by the Marie Curie action ERG, No. PERG07-GA-2010-268216 and partially by the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic under the project TE01010415 (V3C—Visual Computing Competence Center). Hand-drawn images used in this chapter are courtesy of UPP & DMP, Anifilm, Lukáš Vlček, and Ondřej Sýkora.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sýkora, D., Dingliana, J. (2013). Computer-Assisted Repurposing of Existing Animations. In: Rosin, P., Collomosse, J. (eds) Image and Video-Based Artistic Stylisation. Computational Imaging and Vision, vol 42. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4519-6_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4519-6_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-4518-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-4519-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)