Abstract
After reading this chapter, you should know the answers to these questions:
Dr. Blois coauthored the 1990 (1st edition) version of this chapter shortly before his death in 1988, a year prior to the completion of the full manuscript. Although the chapter has evolved in subsequent editions, we continue to name Dr. Blois as a coauthor because of his seminal contributions to the field as well as to this chapter. Section 1.5 was written by him and, since it is timeless, remains unchanged in each edition of the book. To learn more about this important early leader in the field of informatics, see his classic volume (Blois 1984) and a tribute to him at http://www.amia.org/about-amia/leadership/acmi-fellow/marsden-s-blois-md-facmi (Accessed 3/3/2013).
Author was deceased at the time of publication.
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Notes
- 1.
- 2.
This section is adapted from a discussion that originally appeared in (Shortliffe and Sondik 2004).
- 3.
http://www.iom.edu/Activities/Quality/LearningHealthCare.aspx (Accessed 3/3/2013).
- 4.
- 5.
http://www.pwc.com/us/HITtalent (Accessed 4/21/13).
- 6.
A directory of some existing training programs is available at http://www.amia.org/education/programs-and-courses (Accessed 3/3/2013).
- 7.
http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/home.shtml (Accessed 4/8/2013).
- 8.
Available at http://www.nih.gov/about/director/060399.html(Accessed 4/8/2013).
- 9.
See http://www.bisti.nih.gov/. (Accessed 4/8/2013).
- 10.
http://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-biomedical-informatics (Accessed 4/8/13).
- 11.
http://www.amia.org/about-amia/science-informatics (Accessed 4/8/13).
- 12.
The latter system was later taken over and further developed by the Technicon Corporation (subsequently TDS Healthcare Systems Corporation). Later the system was part of the suite of products available from Eclipsys, Inc. (which in turn was acquired by Allscripts, Inc in 2010).
- 13.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/01/080112083626.htm (Accessed 4/8/13).
- 14.
Many current biomedical informatics training programs were designed with this perspective in mind. Students with interests in clinical, imaging, public health, and biologic applications are often trained together and are required to learn something about each of the other application areas, even while specializing in one subarea for their own research. Several such programs were described in a series of articles in the Journal of Biomedical Informatics in 2007 (Tarczy-Hornoch et al. 2007).
- 15.
Many interesting problems cannot be computed in a reasonable time and require heuristics. Computability theory is the foundation for assessing the feasibility and cost of computation to provide the complete and correct results to a formally stated problem.
- 16.
The Duke University undergraduate major in biomedical engineering was the first department (September 1972) accredited by the Engineering Council for Professional Development.
- 17.
Technological progress in this area is occurring at a dizzying rate. Consider, for example, the announcement that scientists are advancing the notion of “organically-grown” storage and can store as much as 704 terabytes of information in a gram of DNA. http://www.engadget.com/2012/08/19/harvard-stores-704tb-in-a-gram-of-dna/ (Accessed 4/21/13).
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Shortliffe, E.H. (2014). Biomedical Informatics: The Science and the Pragmatics. In: Shortliffe, E., Cimino, J. (eds) Biomedical Informatics. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4474-8_1
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