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Heart Rate Variability

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Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and heterogeneous clinical syndrome found in 6–8 % of the population (Handa et al. 2012), correlated to smoking habits and social structure. Prevalence of COPD in some countries has started to decline in male population, while prevalence in females is still increasing. Today, COPD is also a disease of lower social classes and the Third World, where smoking habits are different to parts of the industrialized world and particularly to the habits of the middle and upper class.

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  1. Kongsberg Hospital, Kongsberg, Norway

    Gernot Ernst

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© 2014 Springer-Verlag London

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Ernst, G. (2014). Other Studies. In: Heart Rate Variability. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4309-3_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4309-3_16

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