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Strategies in Surgical Management

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Management of Heart Failure

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Abstract

Heart failure is not a disease but a complex clinical syndrome representing the end-stage of a number of different cardiac diseases. It can result from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood. It has been defined as a reduction in cardiac function such that cardiac output is reduced relative to the metabolic demands of the body and is associated with failure of compensating mechanisms.

The heart…moves of itself and does not stop unless forever. – Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

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  1. Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Hospital, Charlottesville, VA, USA

    Irving Kron MD

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Correspondence to Irving Kron MD .

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  1. Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA

    Jai Raman

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Kron, I. (2016). Strategies in Surgical Management. In: Raman, J. (eds) Management of Heart Failure. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4279-9_3

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