Abstract
Earthquake loads are usually specified as inputs to engineering structures using the seismic coefficient method, the response or hazard spectra of the site, or in terms of the time history of the ground acceleration. On the other hand, the nonlinear time history analysis is compulsory in cases of important structures, critical facilities, structures having irregularities in plan or elevation, structures designed for high ductility levels, structures in which higher modes can get excited, and special structures containing seismic isolation or energy dissipation devices. This is because the time history analysis provides the most accurate means for dynamic analysis of structures.
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Takewaki, I., Moustafa, A., Fujita, K. (2013). Modeling Critical Ground-Motion Sequences for Inelastic Structures. In: Improving the Earthquake Resilience of Buildings. Springer Series in Reliability Engineering. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4144-0_6
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