Abstract
The embryonal and structural development of the cardiovascular system is gradually unwoven as emphasis has shifted from the study of structures and their relation as they develop to the study of the molecular mechanisms governing the changes during the process. The role that genes or gene families play in controlling cell differentiation (activation/regression), behaviour and interaction to influence morphological events and finally give rise to definite structures is becoming more apparent (Icardo 1988; Potts and Runyan 1989; Gammage and Franklyn 1991). Expansion in the use of the many new and perfected radiological techniques for examining intrauterine growth patterns and perinatal morphology, especially of the cardiovascular system, continues to give new insights into the normal constituents of mature structures as well as the possible variations of cardiac abnormalities, some of which may be associated with chromosome anomalies, teratogens or environmental factors.
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Cox, J.N., Briner, J. (1993). The Cardiovascular System. In: Keeling, J.W. (eds) Fetal and Neonatal Pathology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3802-0_18
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