Skip to main content

Psychological Aspects of Cancer Screening

  • Chapter
Evaluation of Cancer Screening

Part of the book series: Focus on Cancer ((3292))

  • 57 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter considers the effect of cancer screening on psychological morbidity and the importance of psychological factors to the success of screening programmes. There is ample evidence that patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent cancer suffer psychological morbidity, some of which is avoidable. Physical symptoms of the disease, effects of different treatments and apprehensions about metastasis and death cause some inevitable distress but additional distress is often caused unnecessarily by the patient’s misconceptions and by suboptimal care. Interest in measuring the distress caused specifically by screening is recent, arising from the contention that a cancer screening test, although capable of reducing mortality, might yet not be justified if the psychological harm associated with screening outweighed the benefit [43, 56].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Brandberg Y, Bolund C, Michelson H, Mansson-Brahme E, Ringborg U, Sjoden P-O (1993) Psychological reactions in public melanoma screening. Eur J Cancer 29A(6):860–863.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bull AR, Campbell MJ (1991) Assessment of the psychological impact of a breast screening programme. Br J Radiol 64:510–515.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Campion MJ, Brown JR, McCance DJ, Atia W et al. (1988) Psychosexual trauma of an abnormal cervical smear. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 95:175–181.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Cockburn J, Staples M, Hurley SF, de Luise T (1994) Psychological consequences of screening mammography. J Med Screening 1:7–12.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Dean C, Chetty U, Forrest APM (1983) Effects of immediate breast reconstruction on psychosocial morbidity after mastectomy. Lancet i:459–462.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Dean C, Roberts MM, French K, Robinson S (1986) Psychiatric morbidity after screening for breast cancer. J Epidemiol Community Health 40:71–75.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Eardley A, Elkind A (1990) A pilot study of attendance for breast cancer screening. Soc Sci Med 30(6):693–699.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ellman R, Angeli N, Christians A, Moss S, Chamberlain J, Maguire P (1989) Psychiatric morbidity associated with screening for breast cancer. Br J Cancer 60:781–784.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ellman R, Moss S, Coleman D, Chamberlain J (1993) Breast self-examination programmes in the trial of early detection of breast cancer: ten year findings. Br J Cancer 68:208–212.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Ellman R, Thomas BA (1995). Psychological well-being is not impaired in long-term survivors of breast cancer. J Med Screening 2:5–9

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Eng C, Stratton M, Ponder B et al. (1994) Familial cancer syndromes. Lancet 343:709–713.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Fallowfield LJ, Baum M, Maguire GP (1986) Effects of breast conservation on psychological morbidity associated with diagnosis and treatment of early breast cancer. Br Med J 293:1331–1334.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Goldberg JA, Scott RN, Davidson PM, Murray GD et al. (1992) Psychological morbidity in the first year after breast surgery. Eur J Surg Oncol 18(4):327–331.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Gram IT, Lund R, Slenker SE (1990) Quality of life following a false positive mammogram. Br J Cancer 62:1018–1022.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Gram IT, Slenker SE (1992) Cancer anxiety and attitudes toward mammography among screening attenders, nonattenders, and women never invited. Am J Public Health 82(2):249–251.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Gustafsson L, Adami H-O (1989) Natural history of cervical neoplasia: consistent results obtained by an identification technique. Br J Cancer 60:132–141.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Haddad P, Maguire P (1993) Psychiatric morbidity associated with mode of diagnosis. In: Austoker J, Patnick J (eds) Breast screening acceptability: research and practice. NHSBSP Publication No. 28, Sheffield, Trent RHA, p 87.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Hall J (1992) A cost-effectiveness analysis of mammography screening in Australia. Soc Sci Med 34(9):993–1004.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Huguley CM, Brown RL (1981) The value of breast self-examination. Cancer 47:989–995.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Kahneman D, Tversky A (1982) The psychology of preferences. Sci Am 246:136–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Kiebert GM, de Haes JCJM, van de Velde CJH (1991) Impact of breast-conserving treatment and mastectomy on quality of life of early-stage breast cancer patients: a review. J Clin Oncol 9:1059–1070.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Kincey J, Statham S, McFarlane T. (1991) Women undergoing colposcopy: their satisfaction with communication, health knowledge and level of anxiety. Health Educ J 50:70–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Lee JM (1993) Screening and informed consent. N Engl J Med 328:438–439.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Lee MS, Love SB, Mitchell JB et al. (1992) Mastectomy or conservation for early breast cancer: psychological morbidity. Eur J Cancer 28A(8/9):1340–1344.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Lerman C, Trock B, Rimer BA, Boyce A, Jepson C, Engstrom PF (1991) Psychological and behavioral implications of abnormal mammograms. Ann Intern Med 114:657–661.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Lerman C, Schwartz M (1993) Adherence and psychological adjustment among women at high risk for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 28:145–155.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Lovegrove MJ (1991) What relevance, if any, has health education for the radiographers employed in the Breast Screening Service? Msc Thesis, King’s College, University of London.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Luesley D (1992) Complications of cone biopsy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 92:153–164.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Maclean U, Sinfield D, Klein S, Harden B (1984) Who declines breast screening? J Epidemiol Community Health 38:278–283.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Maguire GP, Lee EG, Bevington DJ, Kuchemann CS, Crabtree RJ, Cornell CE (1978) Psychiatric problems in the first year after mastectomy. Br Med J 1:963–965.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Maguire P, van Dam F (1983) Psychological aspects of breast cancer; workshop report. Eur J Cancer 19(12):1735–1740.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Maguire P, Selby P (1989) Assessing quality of life in cancer patients. Br J Cancer 60:437–440.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Mant D, Fitzpatrick R, Hogg A et al. (1990) Experiences of patients with false positive results from colorectal cancer screening. Br J Gen Pract 40:423–425.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Marteau TM (1989) Psychological costs of screening. Br Med J 299:527.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Morris T, Greer HS, White P (1977) Psychological and social adjustment to mastectomy. A two-year follow-up study. Cancer 40:2381–2387.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Morris T (1987) Silent sadness of the “cured” breast cancer patient. In: Aaronson N, Beckman J (eds) Quality of life of cancer patients. Raven Press, New York, pp 201–206.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Nathoo V (1988) Investigation of non-responders at a cervical cancer screening clinic in Manchester. Br Med J 296:1041–1042.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. National Health Service Breast Screening Programme (1993) Breast screening acceptability: research and practice. Austoker J, Patnick J (eds) NHSBSP Publication No. 28, Trent RHA, Sheffield.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Omne-Ponten M, Holmberg L, Burns T, Adami HO, Bergstrom R (1992) Determinants of the psycho-social outcome after operation for breast cancer. Results of a prospective comparative interview study following mastectomy and breast conservation. Eur J Cancer 28A(6/7):1062–1067.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Orton M, Fitzpatrick R, Fuller A, Mant D, Mlynek C, Thorogood M (1991) Factors affecting women’s response to an invitation to attend for a second breast screening examination. Br J Gen Pract 1:303–313.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Posner T, Vessey M (1988) Prevention of cervical cancer. The patient’s view. King Edward’s Hospital Fund for London, London.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Reelick NF, de Haes WF, Schuurman JII (1984) Psychological side-effects of the mass screening of cervical cancer. Soc Sci Med 18:1089–1093.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Roberts MM (1989). Breast screening: time for a re-think. Br Med J 229:1153–1155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Rutter DR, Calnan M, Vaile MSB, Field S, Wade KA (1992) Discomfort and pain during mammography: description, prediction and prevention. Br Med J 305:443–445.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Sprangers MAG, Aaronson KA (1992) The role of health care providers and significant others in evaluating the quality of life of patients with chronic disease: a review. J Clin Epidemiol 45:743–760.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Stomper PC, Kopans DB, Sadowsky NL et al. (1988) Is mammography painful? A multicentre patient survey. Arch Intern Med 148:521–524.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Tibben A (1993) What is knowledge but grieving? On psychological effects of presymptomatic DNA testing for Huntington’s disease. PhD Thesis, Rotterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Torrance GW (1986) Measurement of health state utilities for economic appraisal: a review. J Health Econ 5:1–30.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Tumbull D, Irwig L, Adelson P (1991) A randomised trial of invitations to attend for screening. Aust J Public Health 15:33–36.

    Google Scholar 

  50. UK Trial of Early Detection of Breast Cancer Group (1988) First results on mortality reduction in the UK Trial of Early Detection of Breast Cancer. Lancet ii:411–416.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Vaile MSB, Calnan M, Rutter DR, Wall B (1993) Breast cancer screening services in three areas: uptake and satisfaction. J Publ Health Med 15(1):37–45.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. van Oortmarssen GJ, Habbema JDF (1991) Epidemiological evidence for age-dependent regression of pre-invasive cervical cancer. Br J Cancer 64:559–565.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Wardle FJ, Collins W, Pernet AL, Whitehead MI, Bourne TH, Campbell S (1993) Psychological impact of screening for familial ovarian cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 85:653–657.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Wilkinson C, Jones JM, McBride J (1990) Anxiety caused by abnormal result of cervical smear test: a controlled trial. Br Med J 300:440.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Wilson A, Leeming A (1987) Cervical cytology: a comparison of two call systems. Br Med J 295:181–182.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Wright C (1986) Breast cancer screening: a different look at the evidence. Surgery 100(4):594–598.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Springer-Verlag London Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ellman, R. (1996). Psychological Aspects of Cancer Screening. In: Chamberlain, J., Moss, S. (eds) Evaluation of Cancer Screening. Focus on Cancer. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3044-4_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3044-4_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-19957-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-3044-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics