Abstract
Carcinoma of the large bowel is a common condition in developed countries accounting for 12% of cancer registrations and of cancer deaths in England and Wales. In both sexes it is the third commonest cause of cancer death, after lung and prostate cancer in men, and breast and lung cancer in women. In 1992, 8749 men and 8654 women died from colorectal cancer [44, 45].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adami H-O (1988) Aspects of descriptive epidemiology and survival in colorectal cancer. Scand J Gastroenterol. Suppl 149:6–20.
Ahlquist DA, McGill DB, Schwartz S, Taylor WF, Owen RA (1985) Fecal blood levels in health and disease. A study using Hemoquant. Gastroenterology 82:891–898.
Armstrong B, Doll R (1975) Environmental factors and cancer incidence in different countries, with special reference to dietary practices. Int J Cancer 15:617–631.
Atkin WS, Cuzick J, Northover JMA, Whynes DK (1993) Prevention of colorectal cancer by once-only sigmoidoscopy. Lancet 341:736–740.
Atkin WS, Morson BC, Cuzick J (1992) Long-term risk of colorectal cancer after excision of rectosigmoid adenomas. N Engl J Med 326:658–662.
Bingham SA (1990) Diet and large bowel cancer. J R Soc Med 83:420–422.
Black RJ, Sharp L, Kendrick SW (1993) Trends in cancer survival in Scotland, 1968–1990. Information and Statistics Division, ISD Publications, Edinburgh.
Burkitt DP (1969) Related disease — related cause. Lancet ii:1229–1231.
Church TR, Mandel JS, Bond JH et al. (1991) Colon cancer control study: status and current issues. In: Miller AB, Chamberlain J, Day NE, Hakama M, Prorok PC (eds) Cancer screening. UICC project on evaluation of screening for cancer. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 83–105.
Clark JC, Collan Y, Eide TJ et al. (1985) Prevalence of polyps in an autopsy series from areas with varying incidence of large-bowel cancer. Int J Cancer 36:179–186.
Dales LG, Friedman GD, Collen MF (1979) Evaluating periodic multiphasic health checkups: a controlled study. J Chron Dis 32:385–404.
Doran J, Hardcastle JD (1982) Bleeding patterns in colorectal cancer: the effect of aspirin and the implications for faecal occult blood testing. Br J Surg 69:711–713.
Donohue JH, Nelson H (1992) The current status of adjuvant therapy for colon cancer. Adv Surg 25:223–257.
Eide TJ (1983) Remnants of adenomas in colorectal carcinomas. Cancer 51:1866–1872.
Eide TJ (1986) Risk of colorectal cancer in adenoma-bearing individuals within a defined population. Int J Cancer 38:173–176.
Farrands PA, Hardcastle JD (1983) Accuracy of occult blood tests over a six-day period. Clin Oncol 9:217–225.
Farrands PA, Hardcastle JD (1984) Colorectal screening by a self-completion questionnaire. Gut 25:445–447.
Farrands PA, Hardcastle JD, Chamberlain J (1984) Factors affecting compliance with screening for colorectal cancer. Community Med 6:12–19.
Gilbertsen VA, Nelms JM (1978) The prevention of invasive cancer of the rectum. Cancer 41:1137–1139.
Hardcastle JD, Chamberlain J, Sheffield J et al. (1989) Randomised controlled trial of faecal occult blood screening for colorectal cancer. Results of the first 107 349 subjects. Lancet i:l160–1164.
Hill MJ (1989) Experimental studies of fat, fibre and calories in carcinogenesis. In: Miller AB, Veronesi U (eds) Diet and the aetiology of cancer. European School of Oncology Monograph. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 31–38.
Hobbs FDR, Cherry RC, Fielding JWL, Pike L, Holder R (1992) Acceptability of opportunistic screening for occult gastrointestinal blood loss. Br Med J 304:483–486.
Hoff G, Foerster A, Vatn MH et al. (1986) Epidemiology of polyps in the rectum and colon. Recovery and evaluation of unresected polyps 2 years after detection. Scand J Gastroenterol 21:853–862.
Holliday HW, Hardcastle JD (1979) Delay in diagnosis and treatment of symptomatic colorectal cancer. Lancet i:309–311.
Jahn H, Jorgensen OD, Kronborg O et al. (1992) Can Haemoccult II replace colon-oscopy in surveillance after radical surgery for colorectal cancer and after poly-pectomy? Dis Colon Rectum 35:253–256.
Jorgensen OD, Kronborg O, Fenger C (1993) The Funen adenoma follow-up study. Incidence and death from colorectal carcinoma in an adenoma surveillance program. Scand J Gastroenterol 28:869–874.
Kee F, Wilson RH, Gilliland R et al. (1992) Changing site distribution of colorectal cancer. Br Med J 305:158.
Kewenter J, Bjork S, Haglind E, Smith L, Svanvik J, Ahren C (1988) Screening and rescreening for colorectal cancer. A controlled trial of fecal occult blood testing in 27 700 subjects. Cancer 62:645–651.
Kronborg O, Fenger C, Olsen J, Bech K, Sondergaard O (1989) Repeated screening for colorectal cancer with fecal occult blood test. Scand J Gastroenterol 24:599–606.
Kronborg O, Fenger C, Sondergaard O, Pedersen KM, Olsen J (1987) Initial mass screening for colorectal cancer with fecal occult blood test. A prospective randomised study at Funen in Denmark. Scand J Gastroenterol 22:677–686.
Kronborg O, Fenger C, Olsen J (1991) Interim report on a randomised trial of screening for colorectal cancer with Hemoccult-II. In: Miller AB, Chamberlain J, Day NE, Hakama M, Prorok PC (eds) Cancer screening. UICC project on evaluation of screening for cancer. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 126–130.
Lancet (1992) Screening for colorectal cancer by stool DNA analysis (Editorial). Lancet 339:1141–1142.
Limberg B (1990) Diagnosis of large bowel tumours by colonic sonography. Lancet 335:144–146.
Macrae FA, St. John DJ (1982) Relationship between patterns of bleeding and Haemoccult sensitivity in patients with colorectal cancers or adenomas. Gastro-enterology 82:891.
Mandel JS, Bond JH, Church TR et al. (1993) Reducing mortality from colorectal cancer by screening for fecal occult blood. N Engl J Med 328:1365–1371.
Manning AM, Williams AC, Game SM, Paraskeva C (1991) Differential sensitivity of human colonie adenoma and carcinoma cells to transforming growth factor β (TGF-β): conversion of an adenoma cell line to a tumorigenic phenotype is accompanied by a reduced response to the inhibitory effects of TGF-β. Oncogene 6:1471–1476.
Mant D, Fitzpatrick R, Hogg A et al. (1990) Experiences of patients with false positive results from colorectal cancer screening. Br J Gen Pract 40:423–425.
Maule WF (1994) Screening for colorectal cancer by nurse endoscopists. N Engl J Med 330:183–187.
Miller AB (1988) Review of sigmoidoscopic screening for colorectal cancer. In: Chamberlain J, Miller AB (eds) Screening for gastrointestinal cancer. International Union Against Cancer, Hans Huber, Toronto, pp 3–8.
Morson BC (1976) Genesis of colorectal cancer. Clin Gastroenterol 5:505–524.
Murakam R, Tsukama H, Kanamori S et al. (1990) Natural history of colorectal polyps and the effect of polypectomy on occurrence of subsequent cancer. Int J Cancer 46:159–164.
Newcomb PA, Norfleet RG, Storer BE, Surawicz TS, Marcus PM (1992) Screening sigmoidoscopy and colorectal cancer mortality. J Natl Cancer Inst 84:1572–1575.
Nichols S, Koch E, Lallemand RC et al. (1986) Randomised trial of compliance with screening for colorectal cancer. Br Med J 293:107–110.
Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (1993) Mortality statistics, 1992. Series DH2, No. 19. HMSO, London.
Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (1993) Cancer statistics. Registrations of cancer diagnosed in 1987, England and Wales. Series MBI, No. 20. HMSO, London.
Osmond C, Gardner M, Acheson ED, Adelstein AM (1983) Trends in cancer mortality 1951–1980. Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, Series DH, No. 11. HMSO, London.
Prorok PC, Byar DP, Smart CR, Baker SG, Connor RJ (1991) Evaluation of screening for prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers. In: Miller AB, Chamberlain J, Day NE, Hakama M, Prorok PC (eds) Cancer screening. UICC project on evaluation of screening for cancer. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 300–320.
Pye G, Christie M, Chamberlain J, Moss SM, Hardcastle JD (1988) A comparison of methods for increasing compliance within a general practitioner-based screening project for colorectal cancer and the effect on practitioner workload. J Epidemiol Community Health 42(1):66–71.
Robinson MHE, Thomas WM, Hardcastle JD, Chamberlain J, Mangham CM (1993) Change towards earlier stage at presentation of colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 80:1610–1612.
Robinson MHE, Marks CG, Farrands PA, Thomas WM, Hardcastle JD (1994) Population screening for colorectal cancer: comparison between a guaiac and immunological faecal occult blood test. Br J Surg 81:448–451.
Robinson MHE, Kronborg O, Williams CB et al. (1995) Faeeal occult blood testing and colonoscopy in the surveillance of subjects at high risk of colorectal neoplasia. Br J Surg 82:318–320.
St John DJB, Young GP, Alexeyeff MA, Deacon MC et al. (1993) Evaluation of new occult blood tests for detection of colorectal neoplasia. Gastroenterology 104:1661–1668.
Sauar J, Hoff G, Hausken T et al. (1992) Colonoscopic screening examination of relatives of patients with colorectal cancer II, relations between tumour characteristics and the presence of polyps. Scand J Gastroenterol 27:667–672.
Selby JV, Friedman GD, Collen MF (1988) Sigmoidoscopy and mortality from colorectal cancer: the Kaiser Permanente multiphasic evaluation study. J Clin Epidemiol 41(5):427–434.
Selby JV, Friedman GD, Quesenberry CP Jr, Weiss NS (1992) A case-control study of screening sigmoidoscopy and mortality from colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 326:653–657.
Selby JV, Friedman GD, Quesenberry CP Jr, Weiss NS (1993) Effect of fecal occult blood testing on mortality from colorectal cancer. A case-control study. Ann Intern Med 118:1–6.
Sidransky D, Tokino T, Hamilton S et al. (1992) Identification of ras oncogene mutations in the stool of patients with curable colorectal tumours. Science 256:102–105.
Silman AJ, Mitchell P, Nicholls RJ et al. (1983) Self-reported dark red bleeding as a marker comparable with occult blood testing in screening for large bowel neoplasms. Br J Surg 70:721–724.
Stower MJ, Hardcastle JD (1985) Five year survival of 1115 patients with colorectal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 11:119–123.
Stryker SJ, Wolff BG, Culp CE, Libbe SD, Ilstrup DM, MacCarty RL (1987) Natural history of untreated colonic polyps. Gastroenterology 93:1009–1013.
Thomas WM, Hardcastle JD (1991) An update on the Nottingham trial of faecal occult blood screening for colorectal carcinoma. In: Miller AB, Chamberlain J, Day NE, Hakama M, Prorok PC (eds) Cancer screening. UICC project on evaluation of screening for cancer. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 106–115.
Thomas WM, Hardcastle JD, Jackson J, Pye G (1992) Chemical and immunological testing for faecal occult blood: a comparison of two tests in symptomatic patients. Br J Cancer 65:618–620.
US Congress, Office of Technology Assessment (1990) Costs and effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening in the elderly — background paper, OTA-BP-H-74. US Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Vogelstein B, Fearon ER, Hamilton SR et al. (1988) Genetic alterations during colorectal tumour development. N Engl J Med 319:525–532.
Wahrendorf J, Robra B-P, Wiebelt H, Oberhausen R, Willand M, Dhom G (1993) Effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening: results from a population-based case-control evaluation in Saarland, Germany. Eur J Cancer Prev 2:221–227.
Walker A, Whynes DK, Chamberlain JO, Hardcastle JD (1991) The cost of screening for colorectal cancer. J Epidemiol and Community Health 45:220–224.
Weiler D, Moss J, Hiller J, Edwards J, Thomas D (1994) Screening for colorectal cancer — what are the costs? Int J Tech Ass Health Care.
Williams AR, Balasooriya BD, Day DW (1982) Polyps and cancer in the large bowel: a necropsy study in Liverpool. Gut 23:835–842.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chamberlain, J. (1996). Screening for Colorectal cancer. In: Chamberlain, J., Moss, S. (eds) Evaluation of Cancer Screening. Focus on Cancer. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3044-4_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3044-4_4
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-19957-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-3044-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive