Abstract
A lack of vitamin D leads to a number of adverse health outcomes, and the most widely accepted is an increased risk of osteoporotic fracture. A number of national surveys have shown that 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations, the best indicator of vitamin D status, are below even conservative cutoffs for sufficiency (<50 nmol/L). Strategies are needed to improve vitamin D status. Sunlight exposure is an important contributor to vitamin D status; however, at higher latitudes during the winter and in populations that do not receive adequate sunlight exposure for various reasons, an exogenous source of vitamin D is required. Vitamin D intake from natural food sources is low in most populations. Furthermore, supplementation, although effective and very important as method to combat vitamin D insufficiency, will not work for the entire population. Vitamin D fortification does improve vitamin D intakes and status of populations, but a greater range of food vehicles and/or greater amounts of vitamin D may be necessary to improve vitamin d status.
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Notes
- 1.
AI is used when an RDA cannot be developed due to insufficient data and is usually based on average intake level based on observed or experimental intakes. In the case of infants, the AI is normally set as the amount Âprovided by exclusive breastfeeding.
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Green, T.J., Li, W., Whiting, S.J. (2013). Strategies for Improving Vitamin D Status: Focus on Fortification. In: Burckhardt, P., Dawson-Hughes, B., Weaver, C. (eds) Nutritional Influences on Bone Health. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2769-7_25
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