Skip to main content

Phenobarbital

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Antiepileptic Drug Interactions
  • 1512 Accesses

Abstract

Phenobarbital (Fig. 1) corresponds chemically to 5-ethyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid with an empirical formula of C12H12N2O3 and a molecular weight of 232.23.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Kelly WN, Richardson AP, Mason MF, Rector FC. Acetazolamide in phenobarbital intoxication. Arch Intern Med. 1966;117:64–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Eadie MJ, Lander CM, Hooper WD, Tyrer JH. Factors influencing phenobarbitone levels in epileptic patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1977;4:541–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Vakil SD, Critchley EMR, Cocks A, Hayward HW. The effect of clobazam on blood levels of phenobarbitone, phenytoin and carbamazepine (preliminary report). Royal Society of Medicine international congress and symposium series no. 43. London, 1981, p. 165–7.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Nanda RN, Johnson RH, Keogh HJ, Lambie DG, Melville ID. Treatment of epilepsy with clonazepam and its effect on other anticonvulsants. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1977;40:538–43.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Falcao A, Fuseau E, Nunes T, Almeida L, Soares-da-Silva P. Pharmacokinetics, drug interactions and exposure-response ­relationships of eslicarbazepine acetate in adult patients with ­partial-onset seizures: population pharmacokinetic and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis. CNS Drugs. 2012;26:79–91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Schmidt D. The effect of phenytoin and ethosuximide on primidone metabolism in patients with epilepsy. J Neurol. 1975;209:115–23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Reidenberg P, Glue P, Banfield CR, Colucci RD, Meehan JW, Radwanski E, Mojavarian P, Lin CC, Nezamis J, Guillaume M, Affrime MB. Effects of felbamate on the pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1995;58:279–87.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Hooper WD, Kavanagh MC, Herkes GK, Eadie MJ. Lack of a pharmacokinetic interaction between phenobarbitone and gabapentin. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1991;31:171–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Eriksson AS, Hoppu K, Nergardh A, Boreu L. Pharmacokinetic interactions between lamotrigine and other antiepileptic drugs in children with intractable epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1996;37:769–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Perucca E, Baltes E, Ledent E. Levetiracetam: absence of pharmacokinetic interactions with other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Epilepsia. 2000;41(Suppl):150.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Rambeck B. Pharmacological interactions of methsuximide with phenobarbital and phenytoin in hospitalized epileptic patients. Epilepsia. 1979;20:147–56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Barcs G, Walker EB, Elger CE, Scaramelli A, Stefan H, Sturm Y, Moore A, Flesch G, Kramer L, D’Souza J. Oxcarbazepine placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial in refractory partial epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2000;41:1597–607.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Lambie DG, Johnson RH. The effect of phenytoin on phenobarbitone and primidone metabolism. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1981;44:148–51.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bockbrader HN, Burger P, Knapp L. Pregabalin effect on steady-state pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, topiramate, valproate, and tiagabine. Epilepsia. 2011;52:405–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Ferron GM, Patat A, Parks V, Rolan P, Troy SM. Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between retigabine and phenobarbitone at steady-state in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2003;56:39–45.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Perucca E, Cloyd J, Critchley D, Fuseau E. Rufinamide: clinical pharmacokinetics and concentration-response relationships in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2008;49:1123–41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Levy RH, Loiseau P, Guyot M, Blehaut H, Tor J, Moreland TA. Stiripentol kinetics in epilepsy: nonlinearity and interactions. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1984;36:661–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Summary of Product Characteristic, Sulthiame/Ospolot. 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Doose DR, Walker SA, Pledger G, Lim P, Reife RA. Evaluation of phenobarbital and primidone/phenobarbital (primidone active metabolite) plasma concentrations during administration of add-on topiramate therapy in five multicenter, double-blind, placebo ­controlled trials in outpatients with partial seizures. Epilepsia. 1995;36 (Suppl 3):158.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kapetanovic IM, Kupferberg HJ, Porter RJ, Theodore W, Schulman E, Penry JK. Mechanism of valproate–phenobarbital interaction in epileptic patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1981;29:480–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Loiseau P, Hardenberg JP, Pestre M, Guyot M, Schechter PJ, Tell GP. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of vigabatrin (gamma-vinyl GABA) in drug-resistant epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1986;27:115–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Spence SJ, Nakagawa J, Sankar R, Shields WD. Phenobarbital interferes with the efficacy of vigabatrin in treating infantile spasms in patients with tuberous sclerosis. Epilepsia. 2000;41 (Suppl 7):189.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Buchanan RA, Page JG, French JA, Leppik IE, Padgett CS. Zonisamide drug interactions. Epilepsia. 1997;38 (Suppl 8):107.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Patsalos, P.N. (2013). Phenobarbital. In: Antiepileptic Drug Interactions. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2434-4_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2434-4_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-2433-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-2434-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics