Abstract
There are two separate and distinct outcomes following cellular infection with herpes simplex: (1) a productive infection (see Chap. 1) with active viral replication, occurring first in epithelial cells and resulting in ultimate cell death; and (2) a non-productive (or latent) infection, occurring in nerve cells (see Chap. 2). The productive infection causes most of the clinical symptoms and signs associated with herpes, from the most trivial cutaneous lesions to widespread disseminated illness seen in immunocompromised patients (see Chaps. 4 and 5). The latent (non-productive) infection does not itself cause any pathological changes but is responsible for the reactivation characteristic of HSV infections.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Agha FP, Lee HH, Nostrant TT (1986) Herpetic esophagitis: a diagnostic challenge in immunocompromised patients. Am J Gastroenterol 181: 246–253
Altshuler G (1974) Pathogenesis of congenital herpes virus infection. Case report including a description of the placenta. Am J Dis Child 127: 427–429
Anonymous (1979) Weekly clinicopathological conference case 44. N Engl J Med 301: 987–994
Arje SL, Austin CA, Sanchez AF (1955) Herpetic hepatitis of the newborn. Obstet Gynecol 6: 169–173
Barker JNWN, Algere VA, MacDonald DM (1988) Surface bound immunoglobin E on antigenpresenting cells in cutaneous tissue of atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 90: 117–121
Bowman CA, Woolley PD, Kinghorn GR (1988) Herpes simplex virus neonatal encephalitis. Lancet is 646
Carmichael LE, Barnes FD, Percy DH (1970) Temperature as a factor in resistance of young puppies to canine herpesvirus. J Infect Dis 120: 669–678
Chase RA, Pottage JC, Haber MH, Kistler G, Jensen D, Levin S (1987) Herpes simplex viral hepatitis in adults: two case reports and review of the literature. Rev Infect Dis 9: 329–333
Ching C, Lopez C (1979) Natural killing of herpes simpex virus type 1-infected target cells. Normal human responses and influence of antiviral antibody. Infect Immun 26: 49–56
Corey L, Adams HG, Brown ZA, Holmes KK (1983) Genital herpes simplex virus infections: clinical manifestations, course and complications. Ann Intern Med 98: 958–972
Corey L, Whitley RJ, Stone EF, Mohan K (1988) Difference between herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 neonatal encephalitis in neurological outcome. Lancet is 1–4
Cowdry EV (1934) The problem of intranuclear inclusions in viral disease. Arch Pathol Lab Med 18: 527–542
Craig C, Nahmias AJ (1973) Different patterns of neurologic involvement with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2: isolation of herpes simplex virus type 2 from the buffy coat of 2 adults with meningitis. J Infect Dis 127: 365–372
Culbertson WW, Blumenkrantz MS, Haines H, Gass DM, Mitchell KB, Norton EWD (1982) The acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Ophthalmology 89: 1317–1325
Cunningham AL, Turner RR, Miller AC, Para MF, Merigan TC (1985) Evaluation of recurrent herpes simplex lesions - an immunohistological study. J Clin Invest 75: 226–233
Damasio AR, van Hoesen GW (1985) The limbic system and the localisation of herpes simplex encephalitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 48: 297–301
Davis LE, Johnson RT (1979) An explanation for the localisation of herpes simplex encephalitis. Ann Neurol 5: 2–5
Dawson CR (1984) Ocular herpes simplex virus infections. Clin Dermatol 2: 56–66
Dawson C, Togni B, Moore TE (1968) Structural changes in chronic herpetic keratitis: studied by light and electron microscopy. Arch Ophthalmo 179: 740–747
De Venecia G, Zu Rhein GM, Pratt MU, Kisken W (1971) Cytomegalic inclusion retinitis in an adult. A clinical histopathologic and ultrastructural study. Arch Ophthalmo 186: 44–57
Denny-Brown D, Adams RD, Fitzgerald PJ (1944) Pathologic features of herpes zoster: a note on “geniculate herpes”. Arch Neuro 151: 216–231
Douglas RG, Anderson MS, Weg JG, et al. (1969) Herpes simplex virus pneumonia. JAMA 210: 902–904
Drachman DA, Adams RD (1962) Herpes simplex and acute inclusion-body encephalitis. Arch Neurol 7: 45–53
Esiri MM (1982) Herpes simplex encephalitis, an immunohistological study of the distribution of viral antigen within the brain. J Neurol Sci 54: 209–226
Goldman JN, Dohlman CH, Krovitt BA (1969) The basement membrane in recurrent epithelial erosion syndrome. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol: 73: 471–81
Goodell SE, Quinn TC, Mkrtichian E, Schuffler MD, Holmes KK, Corey L (1983) Herpes simplex virus proctitis and homosexual men: clinical, sigmoidoscopic and histopathological features. N Engl J Med 308: 868–871
Graham BS, Snell JD (1983) Herpes simplex virus infection of the adult lower respiratory tract. Medicine, Baltimore: 62: 384–393
Haber H, Milne JA, Symmers WSC (1980) The skin. In: Symmers WSC (ed) Systemic pathology, vol 6, 2nd edn. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 2626–2822
Hagler WS, Walters DV, Nahmias AJ (1969) Ocular involvement in neonatal herpes simplex virus infection. Arch Opthalmol: 82: 169–176
Harstock RJ (1968) Postvaccinal lymphadenitis. Hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue that simulates malignant lymphomas. Cancer 21: 632–649
Hass GM (1935) Hepato-adrenal necrosis with intranuclear inclusion bodies: report of a case. Am J Pathol 11: 127–142
Hull HF, Blumhager JD, Benjamin D, Corey L (1984) Herpes simplex viral pneumonitis in childhood. J Pediatr 104: 211–215
Jellinek EH, Tulloch WS (1976) Herpes zoster with dysfunction of bladder and anus. Lancet ii: 1219–1222
Johnson RT, Mims CA (1968) Pathogenesis of viral infections of the nervous system. N Engl J Med 278: 23–38, 84–92
Josey WE, Nahmias AJ, Naib ZM, Utley PM, McKenzie WJ, Coleman MT (1966) Genital herpes simplex infection in the female. Am J Obstet Gynecol: 96, 493–501
Lapsley M, Kettle P, Sloan JM (1984) Herpes simplex lymphadenitis: a case report and review of the published work. J Clin Pathol 37: 1119–1122
Lightdale CJ, Wolf DJ, Marcucci RA, et al. (1977) Herpetic esophagitis in patients with cancer: antemortem diagnosis by brush cytology. Cancer 39: 223–226
McDougal RA, Beamer PR, Hellerstein S (1954) Fatal herpes simplex hepatitis in a newborn infant. Am J Clin Pathol 24: 1250–1258
McKendall RR (1980) Comparative neurovirulence and latency of HSV 1 and HSV 2 following foot pad inoculation in mice. J Med Virol 5: 25–32
McKenzie D, Hansen JDL, Becker W (1959) Herpes simplex virus infection: dissemination in association with malnutrition. Arch Dis Child 34: 250–256
McMenemey WH, Thomas Smith W (1979) The central nervous system. In: Symmers WSC (ed) Systemic pathology, vol 5,2nd edn. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 2041–2159
Mertz GJ, Schmidt O, Jourden JL et al. (1985) Frequency of acquisition of first episode genital infection with herpes simplex virus from symptomatic and asymptomatic source contacts. Sex Transm Dis 12: 33–39
Meyers R, Chitjian P (1976) Immunology of herpes virus infection: immunity to herpes simplex virus in eye infections. Surv Ophthalmol 21: 194–204
Meyers-Elliot R, Pettit R, Maxwell W (1980) Viral antigens in the immune rings of herpes simplex stromal keratitis. Arch Ophthalmol 98: 897–904
Mintz H, Drew WL, Hoo R, Finley TN (1980) Age dependent resistance of human alveolar macrophages to herpes simplex virus. Infect Immun 28: 417–420
Nahmias AJ, Hagler WS (1972) Ocular manifestations of herpes simplex in the newborn (neonatal ocular herpes). Int Ophthalmol Clin 12: 191–213
Nahmias AJ, Alford CA, Korones SB (1970) Infection of the newborn with herpes virus hominis. Adv Paediatr 17: 185–226
Nahmias AJ, Keyserling HH, Kerrick G (1983) Herpes simplex. In: Remington J S, Klein J O (eds) Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant. Saunders WB, Philadelphia, pp 156–190
Naib ZM (1966) Exfoliative cytology of viral cervico-vaginitis. Acta Cytol (Baltimore) 10: 126–129
Naib ZM (1984) Cytologic diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infection. Clin Dermatol 2: 83–89
Nash G, Foley FD (1970) Herpetic infection of the middle and lower respiratory tract. Am J Clin Pathol 54: 857–863
Nash G, Ross JS (1974) Herpetic esophagitis, a common cause of esophageal ulceration. Hum Pathol 5: 339–345
O’Connor GR (1976) Recurrent herpes simplex uveitis in humans. Surv Ophthalmol: 21, 165–170
Overall JC, Kern ER, Schlitzer RL, Friedman SB, Glasgow LA (1975) Central herpesvirus hominis infection in mice. I. Development of an experimental model. Infect Immun 11: 476–480
Raga J, Chrystal V, Coovadia HM (1984) Usefulness of clinical features and liver biopsy in diagnosis of disseminated herpes simplex infection. Arch Dis Child 59: 820–824
Rouse BT (1985) Immunopathology of herpesvirus infection. In: Roizman B, Lopez C (eds) The herpesviruses: immunobiology and prophylaxis of human herpesvirus infection, vol 4. Plenum Press, New York, pp 103–119
Salvador AN, Harrison EG, Kyle RA (1971) Lymphadenopathy due to infectious mononucleosis. Its confusion with malignant lymphoma. Cancer 27: 1029–1040
Schwartz JN, Cashwell F, Hawkins HK, Klintworth GK (1976) Necrotizing retinopathy with herpes zoster opthalmicus: a light and electron microscopical study. Arch Pathol Lab Med 100: 386–391
Singer DB (1981) Pathology of neonatal herpes simplex virus infections. In: Rosenberg HS, Berstein J (eds) Perspectives in pediatric pathology, vol 6, Masson, New York, pp 243–278
Taylor RJ, Saul SH, Dowling JN, Hakala TR, Peel RL, Ho M (1981) Primary disseminated herpes simplex infection with fulminant hepatitis following renal transplantation. Arch Intern Med 141: 1519–1521
Trofatter KF Jr, Daniels CA, Williams RJ Jr, Gall SA (1979) Growth of type 2 herpes simplex virus in newborn and adult mononuclear leukocytes. Intervirology 11: 117–123
Walker DP, Longson M, Lawler W, Mallick NP, Davies JS, Johnson RWG (1981) Disseminated herpes simplex virus infection with hepatitis in an adult renal transplant recipient. J Clin Pathol 34: 1044–1046
Witzelben CL, Driscoll SG (1965) Possible transplacental transmission of herpes simplex infection. Pediatrics 36: 192–199
Wolter JR, Shapiro I, Whitehouse F (1956) Pathology of experimental primary herpetic keratitis in rabbits. J Ophthalmol 41: 639–645
Wright HT Jr, Miller A (1965) Fatal infection in a newborn infant due to herpes simplex viruses. Report of a case diagnosed before death. J Pediatr 67: 130–132
Zuelzer WW, Stulberg CS (1952) Herpes simplex virus as the cause of fulminating visceral disease and hepatitis in infancy. Report of eight cases and isolation of the virus in one case. Am J Dis Child 83: 421–439
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mindel, A. (1989). Pathology and Pathogenesis. In: Herpes Simplex Virus. The Bloomsbury Series in Clinical Science. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1683-7_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1683-7_6
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-1685-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-1683-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive