Abstract
There are very few per-anal techniques for the treatment of faecal incontinence that have withstood long-term scrutiny of the results [8,13]. If the causes of the incontinence combine not only the presence of an ano-rectal abnormality but also a weak anal sphincter (e.g. as in many patients with rectal mucosal prolapse or third degree haemorrhoids) a per-anal technique that involves forcible dilation of the anal orifice may be contra-indicated.
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References and Further Reading
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© 1997 Springer-Verlag London Limited
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Mann, C.V., Glass, R.E. (1997). Per-anal Techniques. In: Surgical Treatment of Anal Incontinence. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0935-8_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0935-8_7
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