Skip to main content

Royal Road Encodings and Schema Propagation in Selective Crossover

  • Conference paper
Soft Computing in Industrial Applications

Abstract

Recombination operators with high positional bias are less disruptive against adjacent genes. Therefore, it is ideal for the encoding to position epistatic genes adjacent to each other and aid GA search through genetic linkage. To produce an encoding that facilitates genetic linkage is problematic. This study focuses on selective crossover, which is an adaptive recombination operator. We propose three alternative encodings for the Royal Road problem. We use these encodings to analyse the performance of selective crossover with respect to different encodings. This study shows that the performance of selective crossover is consistent and is not affected by alternative encodings of a problem, unlike two-point crossover. The encodings are also used to understand the behaviour of selective crossover in terms of schema propagation. Experimental results indicate that selective crossover provides a better balance between exploration and exploitation than conventional recombination operators.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Baker, J.E. (1987) Reducing Bias and Inefficiency in the Selection Algorithm. In J.J Grefenstette, editor, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 14-21. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eshelman, L. J., Caruana, R. A., & Schaffer J. D. (1989) Biases in the Crossover Landscape. In J. David Schaffer, (editor), Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 10-19. Morgan Kaufmann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forrest, S. & Mitchell, M. (1993) Relative Building-Block Fitness and the Building Block Hypothesis. In L. D. Whitley, editor, Foundations of Genetic Algorithms 2, 109–126. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, D. E. (1989) Genetic Algorithms in search, optimization and machine learning, Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, D. E., Korb, B. & Deb, K. (1989) Messy Genetic Algorithms: Motivation, Analysis, and First Results. In Complex Systems, Vol. 3. 493–530.

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Harik, G. R. (1997) Learning gene linkage to efficiently solve problems of bounded difficulty using genetic algorithms. Doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Harbor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holland, J. H. (1975) Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems. MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kargupta, H. (1996) The Gene Expression Messy Genetic Algorithm. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation, 814-819 IEEE Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, M. & Forrest, S. & Holland, John H. (1991) The Royal Road for Genetic Algorithms: Fitness Landscapes and GA Performance. In F. J. Verala & P. Bourgine (eds.), Toward a Practice of Autonomous Systems: Proceedings of the First European Conference on artificial Life, 245–254. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, M. (1996) An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms. MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaffer, J. D. & Eshelman, L. J. (1991) On Crossover as an Evolutionary Viable Strategy. In In R. Belew and L. Booker (eds.), Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 61-68. Morgan Kaufmann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spears, W. M. (1993). Crossover or Mutation? In L. Darrell Whitley, editor, Proceedings of Foundations of Genetic Algorithms 2, 221-237. Morgan Kaufmann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spears, W. M. (1997), Recombination Parameters. In T. Bäck, D. Fogel and Z. Michalewicz (ed.), The Handbook of Evolutionary Computation, Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spears, W. M. (1998) The Role of Mutation and Recombination in Evolutionary Algorithms. Doctoral dissertation, George Mason University, Virginia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vekaria K. & Clack C. (1998). Selective Crossover in Genetic Algorithms: An Empirical Study. In Eiben et al. (eds.). Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, 438-447. Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vekaria K. & Clack C. (1999). Biases Introduced by Adaptive Recombination Operators. In Banzhaf et al. (editors.) Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, CA: Morgan Kaufmann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, S., Lindsay, R. K. & Riolo, R. L. (1997) Empirical Observations on the Role of Crossover and Mutation. In Thomas Bäck (editor), Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 362-369. Morgan Kaufmann.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer-Verlag London

About this paper

Cite this paper

Vekaria, K., Clack, C. (2000). Royal Road Encodings and Schema Propagation in Selective Crossover. In: Suzuki, Y., Ovaska, S., Furuhashi, T., Roy, R., Dote, Y. (eds) Soft Computing in Industrial Applications. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0509-1_23

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0509-1_23

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-1155-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-0509-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics