Abstract
A major new thrust in the information sciences will be getting information to a user, in a usable form, regardless of location. A high-end example that involves many aspects of human-centered systems is the use of augmented reality to display information atop the real world without distracting users from their task. This chapter discusses the scientific and technical difficulties for mobile augmented reality by examining a recently initiated research project, the Battlefield Augmented Reality System (BARS). BARS is exploring how important information can be overlaid on what users see, hear, and otherwise experience of the surrounding world as they walk through an urban environment. We argue that the development of such a human-centered system introduces many difficult challenges in a variety of areas, including: accurate wide-area tracking systems; navigation user interface design; information filtering; wireless networking and software architectures; and societal issues for distributed collaboration.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development (1998) Visual effects in the high performance aircraft cockpitDTIC Report ADA199306AGARD, Neuilly-Sur-Seine.
Azuma, R (1997) A survey of augmented realityPresence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments4(6), 355–385.
Azuma, R (1998) Making augmented reality work outdoors requires hybrid tracking, inProceedings of IWARS ‘88 - the First International Workshop on Wearable Augmented Reality.
Azuma, R, Hoff, B, Neely, H, III and Sarfaty, R (1999) A motion-stabilized outdoor augmented reality system, inProceedings of IEEE VR ‘89Houston, TX, pp. 252–259.
Bajura, M and Neumann, U (1995) Dynamic registration correction in video-based augmented reality systemsIEEE Computer Graphics and Applications15(5), 52–60.
Behringer, R (1999) Registration for outdoor augmented reality applications using computer vision techniques and hybrid sensors, inProceedings IEEE Virtual Reality ‘89Vol. 17, 244–251.
Billinghurst, M, Bowskill, J, Dyer, N and Morphett, J (1998) Spatial information displays on a wearable computerIEEE Computer Graphics and Applications18(6), 24–31.
Caudell, TP (1994) Introduction to augmented reality, inProceedings of the Conference on Telemanipulator and Telepresence TechnologiesSPIE, Vol. 2351.
Caudell, TP and Mizell, DW (1992) Augmented reality: an application of heads-up display technology to manual manufacturing processes, inProceedings of 1992 IEEE Hawaii International Conference on Systems SciencesJanuary.
Cohen, P, Johnston, M, McGee, D, Oviatt, S, Pittman, J, Smith, I, Chen, L and Clow, J (1997) QuickSet: Multimodal interaction for distributed applications, inProceedings of ACM MultimediaNew York, ACM.
Cohen, P, McGee, D, Wu, L, Clow, J, King, R, Julier, S and Rosenblum, L (1999) Multimodal Interaction for 2D and 3D EnvironmentIEEE Computer Graphics and Applications19(3), 10–13.
Darken, R and Cevik, H (1999) Map usage in virtual environments: orientation issues, inProceedings of the 1999 IEEE VR ConferenceMarch, pp. 133–140.
Feiner, S, Maclntyre, B and Seligmann, D (1993) Knowledge-based augmented realityCommunications of the ACM36(7), 52–62.
Feiner, S, MacIntyre, B, Höllerer, T and Webster, T (1997) A Touring Machine: prototyping 3D mobile augmented reality systems for exploring the urban environment, inProceedings of the International Symposium on Wearable ComputersCambridge, MA, October.
Forsberg, A, Herndon, K and Zeleznik, R (1996) Aperture-based selection for immersive virtual environments, inProceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface and Software Technology (UIST)pp. 95–96.
Foxlin, E (1996) Intertial head-tracker sensor fusion by a complementary separate-bias Kalman filter, in Proceedings of VRAIS ‘86, pp. 185–194.
Fuchs, H, Livingston, M, Raskar, R, Colucci, D, Keller, K, State, A, Crawford, J, Rademacher, P, Drake, S and Meyer, A (1998) Augmented reality visualization for laparoscopic surgery, in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI `98), October.
Gumm, MM, Marshak, WP, Branscome, TA, Wesler, MMc, Patton, DJ and Mullins, LL (1998) A comparison of soldier performance using current land navigation equipment with information integrated on a helmet-mounted displayARL Report ARL-TR-1604, DTIC Report 19980527 081April.
Hix, D, Swan, JE, II, Gabard, JL, McGee, M, Durbin, J and King, T (1999) User-centered design and evaluation of a real-time battlefield visualization virtual environment, inIEEE Virtual Reality ‘89 ConferenceHouston, TX, pp. 96–103.
Hoff, WA, Lyon, T and Nguyen, K (1996) Computer vision-based registration techniques for augmented reality, in Proceedings of Intelligent Robots and Control Systems XV, Intelligent Control Systems and Advanced Manufacturing, SPIE, Vol. 2904, pp. 538–548, November.
HRL Laboratories (1998)GRIDS: Geospatial Registration of Information for Dismounted SoldiersUNC Chapel Hill and Raytheon Systems Company,http://web-ext2.darpa.mil/ETO/wv/98overviews/index.html.
Judd, T (1997) A personal dead reckoning module, inProceedings of the ION GPS ‘87.
Julier, S and Uhlmann, J (1997) A non-divergent estimation algorithm in the presence of unknown correlations, in Proceedings of the IEEE American Control Conference.
Koller, D, Klinker, G, Rose, E, Breen, D, Whitaker, R and Tuceryan, M (1997) Real-time vision-based camera tracking for augmented reality applications, in Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (VRST-97), pp. 87–94.
Maclntyre, B (1999) Exploratory programming of distributed augmented environmentsPhD ThesisColumbia University, NY.
Pausch, R, Burnette, T, Brockway, D and Weiblen, M (1995) Navigation and locomotion in virtual worlds via flight into hand-held miniatures, ACM SIGGRAPH `95 Conference Proceedings, Computer Graphics, July.
Poupyrev, I, Weghorst, S, Billinghurst, M and Ichikawa, T (1998) Egocentric object manipulation in virtual environments: empirical evaluation of interaction techniques, Computer Graphics Forum [Eurographics Conference Issue], 17(3), C-41-C-52, August.
Pryor, H, Furness, T and Viirre, E (1998) The virtual retinal display: a new display technology using scanned laser light, in Proceedings of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 42nd Annual Meeting, pp. 1570–1574.
SnapTrack Inc. (1999)An Introduction to SnapTrack Server-Aided GPS Technology http://www.snaptrack.com/atwork.html
Spitzer, M, Rensing, N, Aquilino, P, Olson, M and McClelland, R (1998) Portable human/computer interface mounted in eyewear, inHelmet and Head-Mounted Displays III, SPIE AeroSense ConferenceVol. 3362.
Uhlmann, J, Julier, S and Csorba, M (1997) Nondivergent simultaneous map building and localization using covariance intersection, in Proceedings of the SPIE AeroSense Conference, Navigation and Control Technologies for Unmanned Systems II.
Webster, A, Feiner, S, Maclntyre, B, Massie, W and Krueger, T (1996) Augmented reality applications in architectural construction, inDesigning Digital Space: An Architect’s Guide to Virtual Reality(ed. D. Bertol), Chichester, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 193–200.
Welch, G and Bishop, G (1997) SCAAT: incremental tracking with incomplete information, Proceedings of SIGGRAPH ‘87.
You, S, Neumann, U and Azuma, R (1999) Hybrid inertial and vision tracking for augmented reality registrationProceedings of IEEE VR ‘89Houston TX.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer-Verlag London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Julier, S., Feiner, S., Rosenblum, L. (2001). Mobile Augmented Reality: a Complex Human-Centered System. In: Earnshaw, R.A., Guedj, R.A., Dam, A.v., Vince, J.A. (eds) Frontiers of Human-Centered Computing, Online Communities and Virtual Environments. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0259-5_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0259-5_6
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-1069-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-0259-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive