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NanoBiosensing pp 453–484Cite as

Nanostructured Biosensing and Biochips for DNA Analysis

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Part of the book series: Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering ((BIOMEDICAL))

Abstract

Nucleic acids, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), are required for the storage and expression of genetic information. DNA is present not only in chromosomes in the nucleus of eukaryotic organism, but also in mitochondria and in the chloroplasts of plants. Prokaryotic cells, which lack nuclei, have a single chromosome but also contain nonchromosomal DNA in the form of plasmids. The DNA contained in a fertilized egg encodes the information that directs the development of an organism. This development may involve the production of billions of cells. Each of these cells is specialized, expressing only those functions that are required for it to perform its role in maintaining the organism. Therefore, the DNA must be able not only to replicate precisely each time a cell divides, but also to have the information that it contains be selectively expressed. RNA participates in the expression of the genetic information stored in the DNA [1].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China

    Huangxian Ju

  2. World Precision Instruments, Inc., Sarasota, FL, USA

    Xueji Zhang

  3. University of Science & Technology, Beijing, P.R. China

    Xueji Zhang

  4. University of California, San Diego, CA, USA

    Joseph Wang

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Ju, H., Zhang, X., Wang, J. (2011). Nanostructured Biosensing and Biochips for DNA Analysis. In: NanoBiosensing. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9622-0_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9622-0_16

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  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-9621-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-9622-0

  • eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)

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