Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Cardiomyopathies and Heart Failure pp 341–355Cite as

Diagnosis and Treatment of Myocarditis: The Role of Adenovirus Infection in Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure

  • Chapter

  • 132 Accesses

Part of the book series: Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine ((DICM,volume 248))

Abstract

Myocarditis, particularly in children, remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.1,2 Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the major reason for cardiac transplantation in the United States and Europe with an annual incidence of 2 to 8 cases per 100,000 and an estimated prevalence of 36 per 100,000.3 The idiopathic form of DCM accounts for approximately 50% of the patients undergoing transplantation. Each year in the United States over 750,000 cases of heart failure are reported,4 with approximately 250,000 deaths, and myocarditis or DCM probably account for 25% of these cases.5 At present the treatment of these conditions is limited to either management of the symptoms or transplantation and the cost is estimated at $3-4 billion/year. Therefore, understanding the basis for this disorder and developing both preventive and disease-specific therapies, would have a major impact on health care in the U.S. In this review we will describe some of the progress towards understanding the etiologies of these disorders in children, particularly that of adenoviruses, as well as progress towards clarification of the mechanisms of pathogenesis

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Dec GW,Fuster V. Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 1994;331:1564–1575.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Keeling PJ, Gang Y, Smith G, et al. Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy in the United Kingdom. Br Heart J 1995;73:417–421.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Manolio TA, Baughman KL, Rodeheffer R, et al. Prevalence and Etiology of Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 1992;69:1458–1466.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. O’Connell JB, Bristow MR. Economic Impact of Heart Failure in the United States: Time for a Different Approach. J Heart Lung Transplant 1994;13: S107–S112.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Sole MJ, Lui P. Viral Myocarditis: A Paradigm for Understanding the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22:99A–105A.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Rosenberg HS, McNamara DG. Acute Myocarditis in Infancy and Childhood. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1964;7:179–197.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Chow LH, Beisel KW, McManus BM. Enteroviral Infection of Mice with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency. Evidence for Direct Viral Pathogenesis of Myocardial Injury. Lab Invest 1992;66:24–31.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Noren GR, Staley NA, Bandt CM. Occurrence of Myocarditis in Sudden Death in Children. J Forensic Sci 1977;22:188–196.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. O’Connell JB. The Role of Myocarditis in End-Stage Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Tex Heart Inst J 1987;14:268–275.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Woodruff, J.F. Viral myocarditis. A review. Am J Pathol 1980;101:425–84.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Huber SA. Autoimmunity in Myocarditis: Relevance of Animal Models. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1997;83:93–102.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Maron BJ. Sudden Death in Young Athletes. Lessons From the Hank Gathers Affair. N Engl J Med 1993;329:55–57.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Aretz HT, Billingham ME, Edwards WD, et al. Myocarditis. A Histopathologic Definition and Classification. Am J Cardiovasc Pathol, 1987;1:3–14.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Chow LH, Radio SJ, Sears TD, et al. Insensitivity of Right Ventricular Endomyocardial Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989;14:915–920.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Grist NR, Bell EJ. A Six-Year Study of Coxsackievirus B Infections in Heart Disease. J Hyg (Lond) 1975;73:165–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Goodwin JF. “Myocarditis as a Possible Cause of Cardiomyopathy.” In Myocarditis- Cardiomyopathy, Just H, Schuster HP, eds. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Chany C, Lepine P, Lelong M. Severe and Fatal Pneumonia in Infants and Children Associated with Adenovirus Infection. Am J Hyg 1958;67:367–378.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Berkovich S, Rodriguez-Torres R, Lin JS. Virologic Studies in Children with Acute Myocarditis. Am J Dis Child 1968;115:207–221.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Grist NR, Bell EJ, Assaad F. Enteroviruses in Human Disease. Prog Med Virol 1978;24:114–157.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Morgan-Capner P, Richardson PJ, McSorley C, et al. Virus Investigations in Heart Muscle Disease. In Viral Heart Disease, Boite HD, ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Huber SA, Lodge PA. Coxsackievirus B-3 Myocarditis in Balb/c Mice. Evidence for Autoimmunity to Myocyte Antigens. Am J Pathol 1984;116:21–29.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Huber SA, Lodge PA. Coxsackievirus B-3 Myocarditis. Identification of Different Pathogenic Mechanisms in DBA/2 and Balb/c Mice. Am J Pathol 1986;122:284–291.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Andreoletti L, Hober D, Becquart P, et al. Experimental CVB3-Induced Chronic Myocarditis in Two Murine Strains: Evidence of Interrelationships Between Virus Replication and Myocardial Damage in Persistent Cardiac Infection. J Med Virol 1997;52:206–214.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Neumann DA, Lane JR, Allen GS, et al. Viral Myocarditis Leading to Cardiomyopathy: Do Cytokines Contribute to Pathogenesis? Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1993;68:181–190.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Bowles NE, Richardson PJ, Olsen EG, et al. Detection of Coxsackie-B-Virus-Specific RNA Sequences in Myocardial Biopsy Samples from Patients with Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Lancet 1986;1:1120–1123.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Bowles NE, Rose ML, Taylor P, et al. End-Stage Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Persistence of Enterovirus RNA in Myocardium at Cardiac Transplantation and Lack of Immune Response. Circulation 1989;80:1128–1136.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Kandolf R, Ameis D, Kirschner P, et al. In Situ Detection of Enteroviral Genomes in Myocardial Cells by Nucleic Acid Hybridization: An Approach to the Diagnosis of Viral Heart Disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987;84:6272–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kandolf R, Klingel K, Mertsching H, et al. Molecular Studies on Enteroviral Heart Disease: Patterns of Acute and Persistent Infections. Eur Heart J 1991;12:49–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Chapman NM, Tracy S, Gauntt CJ, et al. Molecular Detection and Identification of Enteroviruses Using Enzymatic Amplification and Nucleic Acid Hybridization. J Clin Microbiol 1990;28:843–850.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Grasso M, Arbustini E, Silini E, et al. Search for Coxsackievirus B3 RNA in Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy using Gene Amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Am J Cardiol 1992;69:658–664.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Jin O, Sole MJ, Butany JW, et al. Detection of Enterovirus RNA in Myocardial Biopsies from Patients with Myocarditis and Cardiomyopathy using Gene Amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Circulation 1990;82:8–16.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Muir P, Nicholson F, Jhetam M, et al. Rapid Diagnosis of Enterovirus Infection by Magnetic Bead Extraction and Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Enterovirus RNA in Clinical Specimens. J Clin Microbiol 1993;31:31–38.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Redline RW, Genest DR, Tycko B. Detection of Enteroviral Infection in Paraffin- Embedded Tissue by the RNA Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique. Am J Clin Pathol 1991;96:568–571.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Weiss LM, Movahed LA, Billingham ME, et al. Detection of Coxsackievirus B3 RNA in Myocardial Tissues by the Polymerase Chain Reaction. Am J Pathol 1991 ;138:497–503.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Weiss LM, Liu XF, Chang KL, et al. Detection of Enteroviral RNA in Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Other Human Cardiac Tissues. J Clin Invest 1992;90:156–159.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Griffin LD, Kearney D, Ni J,et al. Analysis of Formalin-Fixed and Frozen Myocardial Autopsy Samples for Viral Genome in Childhood Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy with Endocardial Fibroelastosis Using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Cardiovascular Pathol 1995;4:3–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Martin AB, Webber S, Fricker FJ, et al. Acute Myocarditis: Rapid Diagnosis by PCR in Children. Circulation 1994;90:330–339.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Bowles, N.E., Ni, J., Kearney, D.L., Pauschinger, M., Schultheiss, H-P., McCarthy, R., Hare, J., Bricker, J.T., Towbin, J.A. Detection of viruses in myocardial tissues by polymerase chain reaction: Evidence of adenovirus as a common cause of myocarditis in children and adults. Manuscript submitted.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Pauschinger M, Bowles NE, Fuentes-Garcia FJ, et al. Detection of adenoviral genome in the myocardium of adult patients with idiopathic left ventricular dysfunction. Eur Heart J;1998 19:648.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Wu TC, Pizzorno MC, Hayward GS, et al. In Situ Detection of Human Cytomegalovirus Immediate-Early Gene Transcripts within Cardiac Myocytes of Patients with HIV- Associated Cardiomyopathy. AIDS 1992;6:777–785.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Barbaro G, Di Lorenzo G, Grisorio B, et al. Incidence of Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Detection of HIV in Myocardial Cells of HIV-Positive Patients. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio Cardiologico dei Pazienti Affetti da AIDS. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1093–1099.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Bowles NE, Kearney DL, Ni J, et al. The Detection of Viral Genomes by Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Myocardium of Pediatric Patients with Advanced HIV Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34:857–865.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Schowengerdt KO, Ni J, Denfield SW, et al. Association of Parvovirus B19 Genome in Children with Myocarditis and Cardiac Allograft Rejection: Diagnosis Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction. Circulation 1997;96:3549–3654.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Schowengerdt KO, Ni J, Denfield SW, et al. Diagnosis, Surveillance, and Epidemiologic Evaluation of Viral Infections in Pediatric Cardiac Transplant Recipients with the Use of the Polymerase Chain Reaction. J Heart Lung Transplant 1996; 15:111–123.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Bridges ND, Spray TL, Collins M.H, et al. Adenovirus Infection in the Lung Results in Graft Failure after Lung Transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 116:617–623.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Calabrese F, Valente M, Thiene G, et al. Enteroviral Genome in Native Hearts May Influence Outcome of Patients who Undergo Cardiac Transplantation. Diagn Mol Pathol 1999;8:39–46.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Shirali GS, Ni J, Chinnock, et al. Association of Viral Genome with Transplant Coronary Arteriopathy and Graft Loss in Children Following Cardiac Transplantation: Identification Using PCR. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1498–1503.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Pacini DL, Dubovi EJ, Clyde WA Jr. A New Animal Model for Human Respiratory Tract Disease Due to Adenovirus. J Infect Dis 1984;150:92–97.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Prince GA, Porter DD, Jenson AB, et al. Pathogenesis of Adenovirus Type 5 Pneumonia in Cotton Rats (Sigmodon Hispidus). J Virol 1993;67:101–111.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Bowles NE, Kearney DL, Gilbert B, et al. An Animal Model of Adenovirus-Induced Myocarditis. Pediatr Res 1999;45:20 (108A). Abstract.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Pediatrics, (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Room 333E, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA

    Jeffrey A. Towbin M.D. & Neil E. Bowles Ph.D.

  2. Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA

    Jeffrey A. Towbin M.D.

  3. Cardiovascular Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA

    Jeffrey A. Towbin M.D.

Authors
  1. Jeffrey A. Towbin M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Neil E. Bowles Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

    Akira Matsumori MD, PhD

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Towbin, J.A., Bowles, N.E. (2003). Diagnosis and Treatment of Myocarditis: The Role of Adenovirus Infection in Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure. In: Matsumori, A. (eds) Cardiomyopathies and Heart Failure. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 248. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9264-2_26

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9264-2_26

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4865-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-9264-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation