Abstract
Yeasts have been employed in the production of alcoholic beverages for thousands of years. Originally adventitious organisms present on raw materials and equipment were responsible for the often unpredictable fermentation that took place. More recently, strains have been selected on the basis of their fermentation behavior and the availability of pure cultures has led to marked improvements in the reproducibility of fermentations and beer quality.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adam, A.N., Prieto, J.A., Rubio-Texeira, M. and Polaina, J. (1999) Yeast, 15,1299.
Aigle, M., Erbs, D. and Moll, M. (1984) Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 42,1.
Andersen, T.H., Hoffman, L., Grifone, R., Nilsson-Tillgren, T. and Kielland-Brandt, M.C. (2000) European Brewery Convention Monograph, 28,140.
Anderson, E. and Martin, P.A. (1975) Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 81, 242.
Barney, M.C., Jansen, G.P. and Helbert, J.R. (1980) Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 38,1.
Berg, P., Baltimore, D., Boyer, H.W., Cohen, S.N., Davis, R.W., Hogness, D.S., Nathans, D., Roblin, R., Watson, J.D., Weisssman, S. and Zinder, N.D. (1974) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 71, 2593.
Berghof, K. and Stahl, U. (1991) BioEngineering, 7,27.
Bidard, F., Blondin, B., Dequin, S., Vezinhet, F. and Barre, P. (1994) Current Genetics, 25,196.
Bilinski, C.A., Russell, I. and Stewart, G.G. (1986) Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 92, 594.
Bilinski, C.A., Russell, I. and Stewart, G.G. (1987a) Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 93,216.
Bilinski, C.A., Russell, I. and Stewart, G.G. (1987b) Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Madrid, p. 497.
Blomqvist, K., Suihko, M.-L., Knowles, J. and Penttila, M. (1991) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 57, 2796.
Boone, C., Sdicu, A.-M., Wagner, J., Degre, R., Sanchez, C. and Bussey, H. (1990) American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 41, 37.
Brsting, C., Hummel, R., Schultz, E.R., Rose, T.M., Pedersen, M.B., Knudsen, J. and Kristiansen, K. (1997) Yeast, 13, 1409.
Brown, S.W. and Oliver, S.G. (1982) European Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 16, 119.
Cantwell, B.A. and McConnell, D.J. (1983) Gene, 23, 211.
Cantwell, B., Brazil, G., Hurley, J. and McConnell, D. (1985) Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Helsinki, p. 259.
Casey, G.P. (1986a) Carlsberg Research Communications, 51,327.
Casey, G.P. (1986b) Carlsberg Research Communications, 51, 343.
Casey, G.P. (1996) Technical Quarterly of the Master Brewers Association of the Americas, 33,1.
Casey, G.P. and Pedersen, M.B. (1988) Carlsberg Research Communications, 53,209.
Casey, G.P, Xiao, W. and Rank, G.H. (1988a) Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 46, 67.
Casey, G.P, Xiao, W. and Rank, G.H. (1988b) Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 94, 93.
Casey, G.P., Pringle, A.T. Erdmann, P.A. (1990) Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 48,100.
Cauet, G., Degryse, E., Ledoux, C., Spagnoli, R. and Achstetter, T. (1999) European Journal of Biochemistry, 261,317.
Chu, G., Vollrath, D. and Davis, R.W. (1986) Science, 234,1582.
Conde, J. and Mascort, J.L. (1981) Proceedings of the 18th Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Copenhagen, p. 177.
Crumplen, R.M., D’Amore, T., Russell, I. and Stewart, G.G. (1990) Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 48,58.
Debourg, A., Goossens, E., Villanueba, K.D., Masschelein, C.A. and Pierard, A. (1991) Proceedings of the 23rd Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Lisbon, p. 265.
Decock, J.P. and Iserentant, D. (1985) Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Helsinki, p. 195.
Delgado, M.A. and Conde, J. (1983) Proceedings of the 19th Congress of the European Brewery Convention, London, p. 465.
Dillemans, M., Goossens, E., Goffin, O. and Masschelein, C.A. (1987) Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 45, 81.
Donhauser, S., Vogeser, G. and Springer, R. (1989) Monatsschrift fur Brauwissenschaft, 42,4.
Enari, T.M., Knowles, J., Lehtinen, U., Nikkola, M., Penttila, M., Suihko, M.L., Home, S. and Vilpola, A. (1987) Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Madrid, p. 529.
Esposito, R.E. and Klapholz, S. (1981) In: The Molecular Biology of the Yeast Saccharomyces, Life Cycle and Inheritance (J.N. Strathern, E.W. Jones and J.R. Broach, eds), Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory, p. 211.
Evans, I.H. and Wilkie, D. (1976) Genetic Research, 27, 89.
Falco, S.C. and Dumas, K.S. (1985) Genetics, 109, 21.
Freeman, R.F. (1981) Proceedings of the 18th Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Copenhagen, p. 497.
Fujii, T., Kondo, K., Shimizu, E, Sone, H., Tanaka, J.-I. and Inoue, T. (1990) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 56, 997.
Fujii, T., Nagasawa, N., Iwamatsu, A., Bogaki, T., Tamai, Y. and Hamachi, M. (1994) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 60, 2786–2792.
Fujii, T., Yoshimoto, H., Nagasawa, N., Bogaki, T., Tamai, Y. and Hamachi, M. (1996) Yeast, 12, 593.
Fujii, T., Yoshimoto, H. and Tamai, Y (1996) journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering, 81,538.
Fujii, T., Kobayashi, O., Yoshimoto, H., Furukawa, S. and Tamai, Y. (1997) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 63, 910.
Fujiwara, D., Yoshimoto, H., Sone, H., Harashima, S. and Tamai, Y. (1998) Yeast, 14, 711.
Fukuda, K., Yamamoto, N., Kiyokawa, Y, Yanagiuchi, T., Wakai, Y, Kitamoto, K., Inoue, Y. and Kimura, A. (1998) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64, 4076.
Galvan, L., Perez, A., Delgado, M. and Conde, J. (1987) Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Madrid, p. 385.
Gardiner, K., Laces, W. and Patterson, D. (1986) Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics, 12,185.
Gjermansen, C. (1983) Carlsberg Research Communications, 48, 557.
Gjermansen, C. (1991) PhD thesis, University of Copenhagen.
Gjermansen, C. and Sigsgaard, P. (1981) Carlsberg Research Communications, 46,1.
Gjermansen, C., Nilsson-Tillgren, T., Petersen, J.G.L., Kielland-Brandt, M.C., Sigsgaard, P. and Holmberg, S. (1988) Journal of Basic Microbiology, 28,175.
Goelling, D. and Stahl, U. (1988) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 54,1889.
Goffeau, A., Barrell, B.G., Bussey, H. and 13 others (1996) Science, 274,546.
Goodey, A.R. and Tubb, R.S. (1982) Journal of General Microbiology, 128, 2615.
Goodey, A.R., Brown, A.J.P. and Tubb, R.S. (1981) Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 87,239.
Goossens, E., Dillemans, M., Debourg, A. and Masschelein, C.A. (1987) Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Madrid, p. 553.
Goossens, E., Debourg, A., Villanueba, K.D. and Masschelein, C.A. (1991) Proceedings of the 23rd Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Lisbon, p. 289.
Goossens, E., Debourg, A., Villanueba, K.D. and Masschelein, C.A. (1993) Proceedings of the 24th Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Oslo, p. 251.
Gopal, C.V. and Hammond, J.R.M. (1992) Proceedings of the 5th International Brewing Technology Conference, Harrogate, Brewing Technology Services Ltd, London, p. 297.
Guinova-Stoyanova, T.A. and Lahtchev, K.L. (1991) Proceedings of the 23rd Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Lisbon, p. 313.
Guthrie, C. and Fink, G.R. (eds) (1991) Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 194, Academic Press, London.
Gyllang, H. and Martinson, E. (1971), Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Estoril, p. 265.
Hadfield, C., Cashmore, A.M. and Meacock, P.A. (1986) Gene, 45,149.
Hammond, J.R.M. (1994) In: Proceedings of the 4th Aviemore Conference on Malting, Brewing and Distilling (F.G. Priest and I. Campbell, eds) Institute of Brewing, London, p. 85.
Hammond, J. (1998) In Genetic Modification in the Food Industry (S. Roller and S. Harlander, eds) Blackie, London, p. 129.
Hammond, J.R.M. and Eckersley, K.W. (1984) Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 90,167.
Hammond, J.R.M. and Wenn, R.V. (1985) Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Helsinki, p. 315.
Hansen, J. (1999) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65, 3915.
Hansen, J. and Kielland-Brandt, M.C. (1994) Gene, 140,33.
Hansen, J. and Kielland-Brandt, M.C. (1996a) Journal of Biotechnology, 50, 75.
Hansen, J. and Kielland-Brandt, M.C. (1996b) Nature Biotechnology, 14,1587.
Hansen, J., Cherest, H. and Kielland-Brandt, M.C. (1994) Journal of Bacteriology, 176, 6050.
Hansen, M., Rocken, W. and Emeis, C.C. (1990) Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 96, 125.
Henderson, R.C.A., Cox, B.S. and Tubb, R.S. (1985) Current Genetics, 9, 133.
Herskowitz, I. and Oshima, Y. (1981) In: The Molecular Biology of the Yeast Saccharomyces, Life Cycle and Inheritance (J.N. Strathern, E.W. Jones and J.R. Broach, eds), Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory, p. 181.
Hinchliffe, E. and Box, W.G. (1984) Current Genetics, 8, 471.
Hinchliffe, E. and Box, W.G. (1985) Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Helsinki, p. 267.
Hinchliffe, E. and Daubney, C.J. (1986) Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 44, 98.
Hirata, D., Aoki, S., Watanabe, K., Tsukioka, M. and Suzuki, T. (1992) Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 56, 1682.
Ho, N.W.Y., Chen, Z. and Brainord, A.P. (1998) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64, 1852.
Hockney, R.C. and Freeman, R.F. (1980) Journal of General Microbiology, 121, 479.
Holmberg, S. (1982) Carlsberg Research Communications, 47, 233.
Hu, Z., Nehlin, J.O., Ronne, H. and Michels, C.A. (1995) Current Genetics, 28, 258.
Jackson, E.A., Ballance, G.M. and Thomsen, K.K. (1986) Carlsberg Research Communications, 51, 445.
Janse, B.J. and Pretorius, I.S. (1995) Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 42, 878.
Jespersen, L., Cesar, L.B., Meaden, P.G. and Jakobsen, M. (1999) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65, 450.
Johannesen, P.F. (1999) PhD Thesis, University of Copenhagen.
Johannesen, P.F., Nyborg, M. and Hansen, J. (1999) Proceedings of the 27th Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Cannes, p655
Jones, R.M., Russell, I. and Stewart, G.G. (1986) Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 44, 161.
Joubert, R., Brignon, P., Lehmann, C., Monribot, C., Gendre, F. and Boucherie, H. (2000) Yeast, 16, 511.
Kajiwara, Y, Ogawa, K., Takashita, H., Omori, T., Shimoda, M. and Wada, H. (1997) Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering, 84, 594.
Kielland-Brandt, M.C., Peterson, J.G.L. and Mikkelsen, J.D. (1979) Carlsberg Research Communications, 44, 27.
Kielland-Brandt, M.C., Gjermansen, C., Nilsson-Tillgren, T. and Holmberg, S. (1989) Proceedings of the 22nd Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Zurich, p. 37.
Klein, C.J.L, Olsson, L., Ronnow, B., Mikkelsen, J.D. and Nielsen, J. (1996) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 62, 4441.
Knowles, J.K.C. and Tubb, R.S. (1986) European Brewery Convention Monograph, XII, 169.
Knowles, J.K.C, Penttila, M., Teeri, T.T., Andre, L., Salovuori, I. and Lehtovaara, P. (1985) Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Helsinki, p. 251.
Kobayashi, O., Hayashi, N. and Sone, H. (1995) Proceedings of the 25th Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Brussels, p. 361.
Kobayashi, O., Suda, H., Ohtani, T. and Sone, H. (1996) Molecular and General Genetics, 251, 707.
Kobayashi, O., Hayashi, N., Kuroki, R. and Sone, H. (1998) Journal of Bacteriology, 180, 6503.
Kobayashi, O., Yoshimoto, H. and Sone, H. (1999) Current Genetics, 36, 256.
Kodama, Y, Fukui, N., Ashikara, T., Shibano, Y, Morioka-Fujimoto, K., Hiraki, Y, and Nakatani, K. (1995) Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 53, 24.
Korch, C., Mountain, H.A., Gyllang, H., Winge, M. and Brehmer, P. (1991) Proceedings of the European Brewery Convention Congress, Lisbon, p. 201.
Korhola, M. (1983) In: Gene Expression in Yeast, Proceedings of the Alko Yeast Symposium (M. Korhola and E. Vaisanen, eds), Foundation for Biotechnical and Industrial Fermentation Research, Helsinki, p. 231.
Kreil, H., Kleber, W. and Teuber, M. (1975) Proceedings of the 15th Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Nice, p. 323.
Kumar, V., Ramakrishnan, S., Teeri, T.T., Knowles, J.K.C. and Hartley, B.S. (1992) Bio/Technology, 10, 82.
Lancashire, W.E. and Wilde, R.J. (1987) Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Madrid, p. 513.
Lancashire, W.E., Carter, A.T., Howard, J.J. and Wilde, R.J. (1989) Proceedings of the 22nd Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Zurich, p. 491.
Lee, S.Y, Knudsen, F.B. and Poyton, R.O. (1985) Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 91, 169.
Lewis, C.W., Johnston, J.R. and Martin, P.A. (1976) Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 82, 158.
Lo, W-S. and Dranginis, A.M. (1996) Journal of Bacteriology, 178, 7144.
Lyness, C.A., Steele, G.M. and Stewart, G.G. (1997) Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 55, 141.
Mahler, H.R. and Wilkie, D. (1978) Plasmid, 1, 125.
Martens, F.B., van den Berg, R. and Harteveld, P.A. (1985) Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Helsinki, p. 211.
Mason, A.B. and Dufour, J.-P. (2000) Yeast, 16, 1287.
Meaden, P. (1990) Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 96, 195.
Meaden, P.G. and Tubb, R.S. (1985) Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Helsinki, p. 219
Meaden, P., Ogden, K., Bussey, H. and Tubb, R.S. (1985) Gene, 34, 325.
Minetoki, T., Bogaki, T., Iwamatsu, A., Fujii, T. and Hamachi, M. (1993) Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 57, 2094.
Mithieux, S.M. and Weiss, A.M. (1995) Yeast, 11, 311.
Molzahn, S.W. (1977) Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 35, 54.
Moraes, L.M.P., Astolfi-filho, S. and Oliver S.G. (1995) Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 43, 1067.
Morrison, K.B. and Suggett, A. (1983) Proceedings of the 19th Congress of the European Brewery Convention, London, p. 489.
Mortimer, R. and Johnson, J. (1986) Genetics, 113, 35.
Mortimer, R.K., Contopoulou, C.R. and King, J.S. (1992) Yeast, 8, 817.
Nagasawa, N., Bogaki, T., Iwamatsu, A., Hamachi, M. and Kumagai, C. (1998) Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 62, 1852.
Nilsson-Tillgren, T., Petersen, J.G.L., Holmberg, S. and Kielland-Brandt, M.C. (1980) Carlsberg Research Communications, 45, 113.
Nilsson-Tillgren, T., Gjermansen, C., Kielland-Brandt; M.C, Petersen, J.G.L. and Holmberg, S. (1981) Carlsberg Research Communications, 46, 65.
Nilsson-Tillgren, T., Gjermansen, C., Holmberg, S., Petersen, J.G.L. and Kielland-Brandt, M.C. (1986) Carlsberg Research Communications, 51, 309.
Oakley-Gutowski, K.M., Hawthorne, D.B. and Kavanagh, T.E. (1992) Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 50, 48.
Oliver, S.G. (1996) Trends in Genetics, 12, 241.
Omura, F., Shibano, Y., Fukui, N. and Nakatani, K. (1995) Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 53, 58.
Onnela, M.-L., Suihko, M.-L.. Penttila, M. and Keranen, S. (1996) Journal of Biotechnology, 49, 101.
Oppenoorth, W.F.F. (1959) Proceedings of the 7th Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Rome, p. 29.
Ostergaard, S., Olsen, L. and Nielsen, J. (2000) Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 64, 34.
Panoutsopoulou, K., Hutter, A., Jones, P., Gardner, D.C.J. and Oliver, S.G. (2001) Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 107, 49.
Park, C.S., Park, Y.J., Lee, Y.H., Park, K.J., Kang, H.S. and Pek, U.H. (1990) Technical Quarterly of the Master Brewers Association of the Americas, 27, 112.
Panchal, C.J., Peacock, L. and Stewart, G.G. (1982) Biotechnology Letters, 4, 639.
Panchal, C.J., Bast, L., Dowhanick, T. and Stewart, G.G. (1987) Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 93, 325.
Pecar, M., Tonissen, K. and Rogers, P. (1999) Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 57, 94.
Pedersen, M.B. (1983a) Proceedings of the 19th Congress of the European Brewery Convention, London, p. 457.
Pedersen, M.B. (1983b) Carlsberg Research Communications, 48, 485.
Pedersen, M.B. (1985a) Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Helsinki, p. 203.
Pedersen, M.B. (1985b) Carlsberg Research Communications, 50, 263.
Pedersen, M.B. (1986) Carlsberg Research Communications, 51, 163.
Penttila, M.E., Suihko, M.L., Lehtinen, U., Nikkola, M. and Knowles, J.K.C. (1987) Current Genetics, 12, 413.
Perry, C. and Meaden, P. (1988) Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 94, 64.
Petersen, J.G.L., Holmberg S., Nilsson-Tillgren, T., Kielland-Brandt, M.C. and Gjermansen, C. (1983) European Brewery Convention Monograph, IX, 30.
Petersen, J.G.L., Nilsson-Tillgren, T., Kielland-Brandt, M.C, Gjermansen, C. and Holmberg, S. (1987) Current Genetics, 12, 167.
Porter, G., Westmorland, J., Priebe, S. and Resnick, M.A. (1996) Genetics, 143, 755.
Rocken, W. (1984) Monatschrift fur Brauwissenschaft, 37, 384.
Russell, I., Hancock, I.F. and Stewart, G.G. (1983) Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 41,45.
Russell, I., Jones, R. and Stewart, G.G. (1985) Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Helsinki, p. 235.
Ryder, D.S. and Masschelein, C.A. (1983) European Brewery Convention, Monograph, IX, 2.
Sakai, K., Fukui, S., Yabuuchi, S., Aoyagi, S. and Tsumura, Y. (1989) Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 47, 87.
Salek, A., Schnettler, R. and Zimmermann, U. (1990) FEMS Microbiological Letters, 70, 67.
Sasaki, T., Watari,J., Kongo, M, Nishikawa, N. and Matsui, Y. (1984) Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 42, 164.
Schoeman, H., Vivier, M.A., Du Toit, M., Dicks, L.M.T. and Pretorius, IS. (1999) Yeast, 15, 647.
Schofield, M.A., Rowe, S.M., Hammond, J.R.M., Molzahn, S.W., and Quain, D.E. (1995) Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 101, 75.
Sheehan, C.A., Weiss, A.S., Newsom, I.A., Flint, V.P. and O’Donnell, D.C. (1991) Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 97, 163.
Sherman, F. and Wakem, P. (1991) In: Methods in Enzymology, Vol.194 (G. Fink, eds), Academic Press, London, p. 38.
Shibuya, I., Tamura, G., Shima, H., Ishikawa, T. and Hara, S. (1992) Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 56, 884.
Shimizu, F., Sone, H. and Inoue, T. (1989) Technical Quarterly of the Master Brewers Association of the Americas, 26, 47.
Sone, H., Kondo, K., Fujii, T., Shimizu, F, Tanaka, J. and Inoue, T. (1987) Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Madrid, p. 545.
Stewart, G.G., Russell, I. and Panchal, C. (1981) In: Current Developments in Yeast Research (G.G. Stewart and I. Russell, eds), Pergamon Press, Toronto, p. 17.
Steyn, A.J.C. and Pretorius, I.S. (1991) Gene, 100, 85.
Stratford, M. (1996) Cerevisia, Belgian Journal of Brewing and Biotechnology, 21, 38.
Stratford, M. and Assinder, S. (1991) Yeast, 7, 559.
Sturley, S.L. and Young, T.W. (1988) Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 94, 133.
Suihko, M.-L., Penttila, M., Sone, H., Home, S., Blomqvist, K., Tanaka, J., Inoue, T. and Knowles, J. (1989) Proceedings of the 22nd Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Zurich, p. 483.
Suihko, M.-L., Blomqvist, K., Penttila, M., Gisler, R. and Knowles, J. (1990) Journal of Biotechnology, 14, 285.
Tada, S., Takeuchi, T., Sone, H., Yamano, S., Schofield, M.A., Hammond, J.R.M. and Inoue, T. (1995) Proceedings of the 25th Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Brussels, p. 369.
Tamai, Y, Momma, T., Yoshimoto, H. and Kaneko, Y. (1998) Yeast, 14, 923.
Taylor, N.R., Hammond, J.R.M. and Meaden, P.G. (1990) In: Proceedings of the 3rd Aviemore Conference on Malting, Brewing and Distilling (I. Campbell, ed) p. 403, Institute of Brewing, London.
Tezuka, H., Mori, T., Okumura, Y, Kitabatake, K. and Tsumura, Y. (1992) Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 50, 130.
Thomsen, K.K., Jackson, E.A. and Brenner, K. (1988) Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 46, 31.
Thorne, R.S.W. (1970) Process Biochemistry, 4, 15.
Tubb, R.S. (1980) Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 86, 76.
Tubb, R.S., Searle, B.A., Goodey, A.R. and Brown A.J.P. (1981) Proceedings of the 18th Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Copenhagen, p. 487.
Tubb, R.S., Liljestrom, PL., Torkkeli, T. and Korhola, M. (1986) In: Proceedings of the 2nd Aviemore Conference on Malting, Brewing and Distilling (EG. Priest and I. Campbell, eds) p. 298, Institute of Brewing, London.
Urano, N., Nishikawa, N. and Kamimura, M. (1990) Proceedings of the Institute of Brewing (Australia and New Zealand Section) Convention, Auckland, p. 154.
Urano, N., Sahara, H. and Koshino, S. (1993) journal of Biotechnology, 28, 237.
Urano, N., Sato, M., Sahara, H. and Koshino, S. (1993) Journal of Biotechnology, 28, 249.
Vakeria, D. and Hinchliffe, E. (1989) Proceedings of the 22nd Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Zurich, p. 475.
Vakeria, D., Box, W.G. and Hinchliffe, E. (1991) Proceedings of the 23rd Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Lisbon, p. 305.
Vaughan-Martini. A. and Martini, A. (1987) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 53, 77.
Verstrepen, K., Bauer, F.F., Michiels, C. Delvaux, F. and Pretorius, I.S. (2000) European Brewery Convention Monograph, 28, 30.
Villa, K.D., Lee, S., Goossens, E., Debourg, A. and Masschelein. C.A. (1995) Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 53, 49.
Villanueba, K.D., Goossens, E. and Masschelein, C.A. (1990) Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 48, 111.
Vogel, J., Wackerbauer, K. and Stahl, U. (1995) Genetically Modified Foods: Safety Aspects. ACS Symposium Series, 605, 160.
von Wettstein, D. (1983) Proceedings of the 19th Congress of the European Brewery Convention, London, p. 97.
Watari, J., Takata, Y., Ogawa, M., Nishikawa, N. and Kamimura, M. (1989) Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 53, 901.
Watari, J., Takata, Y, Murakami, J. and Koshino, S. (1991) Proceedings of the 23rd Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Lisbon, p. 297.
Watari, J., Takata, Y, Ogawa, M., Murakami, J. and Koshino, S. (1991) Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 55, 1547.
Watari, J., Nomura, M., Sahara, H., Koshino, S. and Keranen, S. (1994) Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 100, 73.
Watari, J., Takata, Y, Ogawa. M., Sahara, H., Koshino, S., Onnela, M.-L., Airaksinen, U., Jaatinen, R., Penttila, M. and Keranen, S. (1994) Yeast, 10, 211.
Watari, J., Sato, M., Ogawa, M. and Shinotsuka, K. (2000) European Brewery Convention Monograph, 28, 148.
Wickner, R.B. (1983) Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 222, 1.
Wightman, P., Quain, D.E. and Meaden, P.G. (1996) Letters in Applied Microbiology, 22, 90.
Xiao, W. and Rank, G.H. (1989) Gene, 76, 99.
Yamagishi, H., Otsuta, Y, Funahashi, W. Ogata, T. and Sakai, K. (1999) Journal of Applied Microbiology, 86, 505.
Yamano, S., Tanaka, J. and Inoue, T. (1994) Journal of Biotechnology, 32, 165.
Yamano, S., Kondo, K., Tanaka, J. and Inoue, T. (1994) Journal of Biotechnology, 32, 173.
Yamano, S., Tomizuka, K., Tanaka, J. and Inoue, T. (1994) Journal of Biotechnology, 37, 45.
Yamano, S., Tomizuka, K., Sone, H., Imura, M., Takeuchi, T., Tanaka, J. and Inoue, T. (1995) Journal of Biotechnology, 39, 21.
Yamauchi, H., Yamamoto, H., Shibano, Y. Amaya, N. and Saeki, T. (1998) Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 56, 58.
Yocum, R.R. (1986) Proceedings of BioExpo86,171.
Yoshimoto, H., Fujiwara, D., Momma, T., Tanaka, K., Sone, H., Nagasawa, N. and Tamai, Y. (1999) Yeast, 15, 409
Young, T.W. (1981) Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 87, 292.
Young, T.W. (1983) Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 41, 1.
Young, T.W. and Hosford, E.A. (1987) Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the European Brewery Convention, Madrid, p. 521.
Young, T.W. and Yagiu, M. (1978) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 44, 59.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hammond, J.R.M. (2003). Yeast genetics. In: Priest, F.G., Campbell, I. (eds) Brewing Microbiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9250-5_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9250-5_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4858-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-9250-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive