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Neuro-Behavioral Determinants of Interlimb Coordination pp 109–128Cite as

Cortical Networks Associated with Locomotion in Man and Patients with Hemiparetic Stroke

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Abstract

A recently developed optical imaging system using near-infrared spectroscopy enabled real-time monitoring of cortical activation during various locomotor tasks. Cortical activation was assessed as increased levels of regional oxygenated hemoglobin. In healthy subjects, walking at 1 km/hr was associated by cortical activation that centered in the medial sensorimotor cortices and supplementary motor areas. Walking at higher speed (3 km/hr or 5 km/hr) tended to induce decreased rather than increased activation in the sensorimotor cortices. In patients with hemiparetic stroke, cortical activation patterns during hemiparetic gait were characterized by asymmetrical activation in the sensorimotor cortices and recruitment of other motor-related areas such as the premotor cortices and the prefrontal regions. Importantly activation patterns could be modified by rehabilitative intervention. A facilitation technique, by which therapists assisted patients to walk by pressing the hip forward and backward to ensure the stability of the stance and swing phase of the paretic leg, induced enhanced activation in the motor related areas, particularly that in the premotor area. Partial body weight support during gait training on the treadmill tended to decrease overall activation. It remains undetermined whether these changes in cortical activation patterns are associated with good locomotor recovery in patients with stroke.

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  1. Neurorehabilitation Research Institute, Bobath Memorial Hospital, Osaka, 536-0023, Japan

    Ichiro Miyai

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  1. K. U. Leuven, Belgium

    Stephan P. Swinnen

  2. K. U. Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Jacques Duysens

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Miyai, I. (2004). Cortical Networks Associated with Locomotion in Man and Patients with Hemiparetic Stroke. In: Swinnen, S.P., Duysens, J. (eds) Neuro-Behavioral Determinants of Interlimb Coordination. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9056-3_5

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