Abstract
Implantation of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cells onto adjacent areas of the urinary epithelium is frequently a concern during endoscopic procedures.11,14,27,35-37 This concern is supported both by clinical studies showing a high rate of upper tract tumors in patients with bladder TCC and vesicoureteral reflux,1,9 and by laboratory research demonstrating that many synchronous and metachronous tumors are monoclonal.10,19,33 Many urologists, therefore, advocate avoiding any percutaneous approaches to TCC treatment or concomitant procedures at the time of transurethral bladder tumor resection; some investigators recommend administration of intravesical chemotherapy at the end of the endoscopic procedure to minimize the risk of tumor seeding.27,36,37
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Terris, M.K. (2003). The Effect of Contrast Material on Transitional Cell Carcinoma Viability. In: Atala, A., Slade, D. (eds) Bladder Disease, Part A. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8889-8_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8889-8_10
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