Abstract
Asbestos is a generic term for a group of naturally-occurring, hydrated fibrous silicates. There are two main mineralogie varieties of asbestos minerals: amphiboles (which have a stiff and brittle texture) and serpentine (which has a softer, more flexible texture and a wavy configuration). Three varieties of asbestos have been used commercially in North America and Europe for most of this century: chrysotile (a serpentine asbestos), crocidolite and amosite (both amphiboles). Asbestos fibers have long been a focus of scientific interest because of their capacity to induce pleural and pulmonary diseases characterized by fibrosis (parietal pleural plaques, visceral pleural fibrosis and asbestosis) andJor neoplasia (malignant pleural mesothelioma and bronchogenic carcinoma).1 Although all commercial varieties of asbestos are capable of inducing these diseases, there has been considerable scientific debate regarding the relative potential of the different fiber types (chrysotile vs. amphiboles) to induce pleuro-pulmonary injury.2,3 The pathogenesis of asbestos-related disorders is complex, but there is evidence implicating cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide anion (02*), H2O2 and hydroxyl radical (OH*) in the induction of asbestos-induced cellular injury.1-5 The putative role of ROS in mediating asbestos-related cytotoxicity is predicated on the notion that asbestos fibers induce cellular injury via O2*-driven, iron-catalyzed Haber-Weiss (Fenton) reactions that generate the OH* radical.5 Studies demonstrating that the injurious effects of asbestos can be abrogated by scavengers of ROS such as superoxide dismutase, mannitol and catalase are supportive of this hypothesis.6-9 However, while Fenton reactions may explain some of the actions of crocidolite (which is an iron-containing silicate), they cannot account for those of chrysotile (which is a magnesium-containing silicate whose chemical structure is devoid of iron).
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© 1998 Plenum Press, New York
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Tanaka, S., Choe, N., Hemenway, D.R., Matalon, S., Kagan, E. (1998). Role of Reactive Nitrogen Species in Asbestos-Induced Pleuro-Pulmonary Injury. In: Matalon, S., Sznajder, J.L. (eds) Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. NATO ASI Series, vol 297. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8634-4_48
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8634-4_48
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