Abstract
Directly or indirectly, everything is connected to everything else. We hear this trivial comment continually. It is true, of course, but linkages are so complex that not much is known and the available information is inadequate. Ecology focuses on linkages in nature. What often is not recognized is that economics focuses on linkages as well, many of which extend back to nature. Ecological linkages and economic linkages are connected in important ways. (1970) even explored economics as an ecological science. Also, since about 1970, economists have become more concerned about environmental quality. There are many recent inquiries regarding externalities in the form of pollution and schemes to use market forces to improve environmental quality (e.g., marketable pollution rights). During the 1970s the subfield of ecological economics began. This subfield has focused on nonmarket goods and services and pollution abatement, in contrast to resource economics, which has traditionally focused on production of market goods and services (for an early example concerned with forestry, see Fernow, 1902). It is evident, therefore, that both ecology and economics are concerned with natural resource linkages.
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Chappelle, D.E. (2001). Economic Linkages to Natural Resources. In: Jensen, M.E., Bourgeron, P.S. (eds) A Guidebook for Integrated Ecological Assessments. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8620-7_18
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8620-7_18
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