Abstract
The debate about the borderland of narcolepsy and the existence of different forms of narcolepsy started early after the description of the disease and lasts until today.
Keywords
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adie WJ. Idiopathic narcolepsy: a disease sui generis: with remarks on the mechanism of sleep. Brain. 1926;49:257–306.
Wilson SA. The narcolepsies. Brain. 1928;51:63–109.
Yoss RE, Daly DD. Narcolepsy. Med Clin North Am. 1960;44:955–68.
Roth B. Narkolepsie. In: Narkolepsie und Hypersomnie. Berlin: VEB Verlag; 1962. p. 130–80.
Parkes JD, Baraitser M, Marsden CD, Asselman P. Natural history, symptoms and treatment of the narcoleptic syndrome. Acta Neurol Scand. 1975;52(5):337–53.
Roth B. Narcolepsy and hypersomnia. Basel: Karger Libri; 1980.
Aldrich M. The clinical spectrum of narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia. Neurology. 1996;46:393–401.
Bassetti C, Aldrich M. Idiopathic hypersomnia. A study of 42 patients. Brain. 1997;120:1423–35.
Billiard M. Diagnosis of narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia. An update based on the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 2nd edition. Sleep Med Rev. 2007;11:377–88.
Silber MH, Krahn LE, Olson EJ, Pankratz VS. The epidemiology of narcolepsy in Olmsted County, Minnesota: a population-based study. Sleep. 2002;25:197–202.
Mignot E, Lin L, Finn L, et al. Correlates of sleep-onset REM periods during the Multiple Sleep Latency Test in community adults. Brain. 2006;129:1609–23.
Billiard M, Besset A, Cadilhac J. The clinical and polygraphic development of narcolepsy. In: Guilleminault C, Lugaresi E, editors. Sleep/wake disorders: natural history, epidemiology, and long-term evolution. New York: Raven Press; 1983. p. 171–85.
Yoss RE, Daly DD. Criteria for the diagnosis of the narcoleptic syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc. 1957;32:320–8.
Sturzenegger C, Bassetti C. The clinical spectrum of narcolepsy with cataplexy: a reappraisal. J Sleep Res. 2004;13:395–406.
Nevsimalova S, Mignot E, Sonka K, Arrigoni JL. Familial aspects of narcolepsy-cataplexy in the Czech republic. Sleep. 1997;20:1021–6.
Baumann CR, Dauvilliers Y, Mignot E, Bassetti CL. Normal CSF hypocretin-1 (orexin A) levels in dementia with Lewy bodies associated with excessive daytime sleepiness. Eur Neurol 2004;52:73–6.
American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The international classification of sleep disorders. 2nd ed. Westchester, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2005.
Mignot E, Hajduk R, Black J, Grumet FC, Guilleminault C. HLA DQB1*0602 is associated with cataplexy in 509 narcoleptic patients. Sleep. 1997;20(11):1012–20.
Dauvilliers Y, Baumann CR, Maly FE, Billiard M, Bassetti C. CSF hypocretin-1 levels in narcolepsy, Kleine-Levin syndrome, other hypersomnias and neurological conditions. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003;74:1667–73.
Krahn LE, Pankratz VS, Olivier L, Boeve BF, Silber M. Hypocretin (orexin) levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with narcolepsy: relationship to cataplexy and HLA DQB1*0602 status. Sleep. 2002;25(7):733–6.
Thannickal TC, Nienhuis R, Siegel JM. Localized loss of hypocretin (orexin) cells in narcolepsy without cataplexy. Sleep. 2009;32(8):993–8.
Guilleminault C, Mignot E, Partinen M. Controversies in the diagnosis of narcolepsy. Sleep. 1994;17:S1–6.
Challamel MJ, Mazzola ME, Nevsimalova S, Cannard C, Louis J, Revol M. Narcolepsy in children. Sleep. 1994;17:17–20.
Nishino S, Kanbayashi T. Symptomatic narcolepsy, cataplexy, and hypersomnia, and their implications in the hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin system. Sleep Med Rev. 2005;9:269–310.
Westphal C. Eigentümliche mit Einschlafen verbundene Anfälle. Arch Psychiat Nervenkr. 1877;7:631–5.
Billiard M, Pasquié-Magnetto V, Heckmann M, et al. Family studies in narcolepsy. Sleep. 1994;17:S54–9.
Guilleminault C, Mignot E, Grumet FC. Familial patterns of narcolepsy. Lancet. 1989;335:1376–9.
Daly DD, Yoss RE. A family with narcolepsy. Mayo Clin Proc. 1959;34:313–9.
Nevsimalova-Bruhova S, Roth B. Heredofamilial aspects of narcolepsy and hypersomnia. Schweiz Arch Neurol Neurochir Psychiatr. 1972;110:45–54.
Mayer G, Lattermann A, Mueller-Echardt G, Sbanborg E, Meier-Ewert K. Segregation of HLA genes in multicase narcolepsy families. J Sleep Res. 1998;7:127–33.
Mignot E. Genetic and familial aspects of narcolepsy. Neurology. 1998;50 Suppl 1:S16–22.
Schrader H, Gotlibsen OB, Skomedal GN. Multiple sclerosis and narcolepsy/cataplexy in a monozygotic twin. Neurology. 1980;30(1):105–8.
Melberg A, Dahl N, Hetta J, Valind S. Neuroimaging study in autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, deafness, and narcolepsy. Neurology. 1999;53:2190–2.
Melberg A, Ripley B, Lin L, Hetta J, Mignot E, Nishino H. Hypocretin deficiency in familial symptomatic narcolepsy. Ann Neurol. 2001;49(1):136–7.
Roth B, Bruhova S, Berkova L. Familial sleep paralysis. Schweiz Arch Neurol Neurochir Psychiatr. 1968;102:321–30.
Gelardi JAM, Brown JW. Hereditary cataplexy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. 1967;30:455–7.
Dahlitz M, Parkes JD. Sleep paralysis. Lancet. 1993;341:406–7.
Hartse KM, Zorick F, Sicklesteel J, Roth T. Isolated cataplexy: a familial study. Henry Ford Hosp Med J. 1988;36:24–7.
Mignot E, Lammers GJ, Ripley B, et al. The role of cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin measurement in the diagnosis of narcolepsy and other hypersomnias. Arch Neurol. 2002;59:1553–62.
Partinen M, Hublin C, Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M, Guilleminault C. Twin studies in narcolepsy. Sleep. 1994;17:S13–6.
Kaprio J, Hublin C, Partinen M, Heikkilä K, Koskenvuo M. Narcolepsy-like symptoms among adult twins. J Sleep Res. 1996;5(1):55–60.
Honda M, Honda Y, Uchida S, Miyazaki S, Tokunaga K. Monozygotic twins incompletely concordant for narcolepsy. Biol Psychiatry. 2001;49:943–7.
Khatami R, Maret S, Werth E, et al. A monozygotic twin pair concordant for narcolepsy-cataplexy without any detectable abnormality in the hypocretin (orexin) pathway. Lancet. 2004;363:1199–200.
Dauvilliers Y, Maret S, Bassetti CL, et al. A monozygotic twin pair discordant for narcolepsy and CSF hypocretin-1. Neurology. 2004;62:2137–8.
Anic-Labat S, Guilleminault C, Kraemer HC, Meehan J, Arrigoni J, Mignot E. Validation of a cataplexy questionnaire in 983 sleep-disorders patients. Sleep. 1999;22:77–87.
Lankford DA, Wellmann JJ, O’Hara C. Posttraumatic narcolepsy in mild to moderate closed head injury. Sleep. 1994;17:25–8.
Roehrs TA, Roth A. Chronic insufficient sleep and its recovery. Sleep Med. 2003;4(1):5–6.
Bishop C, Rosenthal L, Helmus T, Roehrs T, Roth T. The frequency of multiple sleep onset REM periods among subjects with no excessive daytime sleepiness. Sleep. 1996;19(9):727–30.
Aldrich MS, Chervin RD, Malow BA. Value of the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) for the diagnosis of narcolepsy. Sleep. 1997;20(8):620–9.
Dyken ME, Yamada M, Lin-Dyken DC, Seaba P, Yeh M. Diagnosing narcolepsy through the simultaneous clinical and electrophysiologic analysis of cataplexy. Arch Neurol. 1996;53:456–60.
Rubboli G, d’Orsi G, Zaniboni A, et al. A video-polygraphic analysis of the cataplectic attack. Clin Neurophysiol. 2000;111 Suppl 2:S120–8.
Paskind HA. Effect of laughter on muscle tone. Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 1932;28:623–8.
Partinen M. Sleeping habits and sleep disorders of Finnish men before, during and after military service. Ann med Milit Fenn. 1982;57:1–96.
Overeem S, Lammers GJ, van Dijk JG. Weak with laughter. Lancet. 1999;354:838.
Rosenthal C. Ueber das Auftreten von halluzinatorisch-kataplektischen Angstsyndrom, Wachanfällen und ähnlichen Störungen bei Schizophrenen. Monatsschr Psychiatr Neurologie. 1939;102:11–38.
Krahn LE, Hansen MR, Shepard JW. Pseudocataplexy. Psychosomatics. 2001;42:356–8.
Kishi Y, Konishi S, Koizumi S, et al. Schizophrenia and narcolepsy: a review with a case report. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2004;58:117–24.
Krahn LE. Reevaluating spells initially identified as cataplexy. Sleep Med. 2005;6:537–42.
Ohayon MM, Zulley J, Guilleminault C, Smirne S. Prevalence and pathologic associations of sleep paralysis in the general population. Neurology. 1999;52(6):1194–200.
Ohayon M. Prevalence of hallucinations and their pathological associations in the general population. Psychiatry Res. 2000;97:153–64.
Nissen C, Feige B, Nofzinger EA, et al. Transient narcolepsy-cataplexy syndrome after discontinuation of the antidepressant venlafaxine. J Sleep Res. 2005;14(2):207–8.
Plazzi G, Khatami R, Serra L, Pizza F, Bassetti CL. Pseudocataplexy in narcolepsy with cataplexy. Sleep Med 2010;11:591–4.
Oppenheim H. Ueber Lachschlag. Monatsschr Psychiatr Neurologie. 1902;11:242–7.
Totah AR, Benbadis SR. Gelastic syncope mistaken for cataplexy. Sleep Med. 2002;3:77–8.
Bellman M, Pathan AH, Sinclair L. A girl who laughed and fell down. Lancet. 2000;355:2216.
Khatami R, Birkmann S, Bassetti CL. Absence of aversive startle reflex potentiation in human narcolepsy-cataplexy: implications for amygdala dysfunction. J Sleep Res. 2007;16:226–9.
Schwartz S, Ponz A, Poryazova R, Werth E, Bösiger P, Bassetti CL. Abnormal activity in hypothalamus and amygdala during humour processing in humany narcolepsy with cataplexy. Brain. 2008;131:514–22.
Ponz A, Khatami R, Poryazova R, et al. Abnormal activity in reward brain circuits in human narcolepsy with cataplexy. Ann Neurol. 2010;67:190–200.
Ponz A, Khatami R, Poryazova R, et al. Reduced amygdala activity during aversive conditioning in human narcolepsy. Ann Neurol. 2010;67:394–8.
Overeem N, Van Hilten JJ, Ripley B, Mignot E, Nishino H, Lammers C. Normal hypocretin-1 levels in Parkinson’s disease patients with excessive daytime sleepiness. Neurology. 2002;58:498–9.
Baumann CR, Scammell TE, Bassetti CL. Parkinson’s disease, sleepinesss and hypocretin/orexin. Brain. 2008;131:e91.
Fronczeck R, Overeem S, Lee SY, et al. Hypocretin (orexin) loss in Parkinson’s disease. Brain. 2007;130:1577–85.
Nishino S, Kanbayashi T, Fujiki N, et al. CSF hypocretin levels in Guillain-Barré syndrome and other inflammatory neuropathies. Neurology. 2003;61:823–5.
Overeem N, Dalmau J, Bataller L, et al. Hypocretin-1 CSF levels in anti-Ma2 associated encephalitis. Neurology. 2004;62(1):138–40.
Baumann CR, Stocker R, Imhof HG, et al. Hypocretin-1 (orexin A) deficiency in acute traumatic brain injury. Neurology. 2005;65:147–9.
Baumann CR, Werth E, Stocker R, Luwid S, Bassetti CL. Sleep-wake disturbances 6 months after traumatic brain injury. Brain. 2007;130:1873–83.
Baumann CR, Bassetti CL, Valko PO, Haybaeck J, Keller M, Clark E, Stocker R, Tolnay M, Scammell TE. Loss of hypocretin (orexin) neurons with traumatic brain injury. Ann Neurol 2009;66:555–9.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bassetti, C.L. (2011). Spectrum of Narcolepsy. In: Baumann, C., Bassetti, C., Scammell, T. (eds) Narcolepsy. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8390-9_29
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8390-9_29
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-8389-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-8390-9
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)