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Miniature Joule-Thomson Cryocooling pp 39–72Cite as

The Joule-Thomson Effect, Its Inversion and Other Expansions

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Part of the book series: International Cryogenics Monograph Series ((ICMS))

Abstract

James Joule and William Thomson discovered the effect bearing their names and measured it at low pressures for air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and mixtures of air and carbon dioxide. Since “…the thermal effects experienced by air in rushing through small apertures” were discovered1, about 16 decades ago, the effect has been continuously examined, measured and studied. This elementary effect is the driving force that initiates, empowers and perpetuates the operation of the Linde-Hampson machines, the Joule-Thomson cryocoolers, liquefiers and refrigerators that utilize the throttling effect.

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Notes

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  1. Missiles and NCW Division, Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd., Haifa, Israel

    Ben-Zion Maytal

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

    John M. Pfotenhauer

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Maytal, BZ., Pfotenhauer, J.M. (2013). The Joule-Thomson Effect, Its Inversion and Other Expansions. In: Miniature Joule-Thomson Cryocooling. International Cryogenics Monograph Series. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8285-8_2

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