Skip to main content

Introduction

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Use R ((USE R))

Abstract

Although multivariate analysis of ecological data already existed and was being actively developed in the 1960s, it really flourished in the years 1970 and later. Many textbooks were published during these years; among them were the seminal Écologie numérique (Legendre and Legendre 1979) and its English translation Numerical Ecology (Legendre and Legendre 1983). The authors of these books unified, under one single roof, a very wide array of statistical and other numerical techniques and presented them in a comprehensive way, not only to help researchers understand the available methods of analyses, but also to explain how to choose and apply them in an ordered, logical way to reach their research goals. Mathematical explanations are not absent from these books, and they provide a precious insider look into the various techniques, which is appealing to readers wishing to go beyond the simple user level.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

References

  • Borcard, D. and Legendre, P.: Environmental control and spatial structure in ecological communities: an example using Oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatei). Environmental and Ecological Statistics 1, 37–61 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borcard D., Legendre, P. and Drapeau, P.: Partialling out the spatial component of ecological variation. Ecology 73, 1045–1055 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borcard, D., Legendre, P., Avois-Jacquet, C. and Tuomisto, H.: Dissecting the spatial structure of ecological data at multiple scales. Ecology 85, 1826–1832 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chessel, D., Lebreton, J. D. and Yoccoz, N.: Propriétés de l’analyse canonique des correspondances; une illustration en hydrobiologie. Revue de Statistique Appliquée 35, 55–72 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dray, S., Legendre, P. and Peres-Neto, P. R.: Spatial modelling: a comprehensive framework for principal coordinate analysis of neighbour matrices (PCNM). Ecological Modelling 196, 483–493 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griffith, D. A. and Peres-Neto, P. R.: Spatial modeling in ecology: the flexibility of eigenfunction spatial analyses. Ecology 87, 2603–2613 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jongman, R. H. G., ter Braak, C. J. F. and van Tongeren, O. F. R.: Data analysis in community and landscape ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK (1995)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Legendre, P.: Species Associations: The Kendall coefficient of concordance revisited. Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics 10, 226–245 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Legendre, L. and Legendre, P.: Écologie numérique. Masson, Paris and Les Presses de l’Université du Québec, Québec (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Legendre, L. and Legendre, P.: Numerical ecology. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1983)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Legendre, P. and Legendre, L.: Numerical ecology. 2nd English edition. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • McCune, B. and Grace, J. B.: Analysis of ecological communities. MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, Oregon (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  • McGarigal, K., Cushman, S. and Stafford, S.: Multivariate statistics for wildlife and ecology research. Springer, New York (2000)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Orlóci, L. and Kenkel, N. C.: Introduction to data analysis. International Co-operative Publishing House, Burtonsville, USA (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Verneaux, J.: Cours d’eau de Franche-Comté (Massif du Jura). Recherches écologiques sur le réseau hydrographique du Doubs. Essai de biotypologie. Thèse d’état, Besançon, France (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Verneaux, J., Schmitt, A., Verneaux, V. and Prouteau, C.: Benthic insects and fish of the Doubs River system: typological traits and the development of a species continuum in a theoretically extrapolated watercourse. Hydrobiologia 490, 63–74 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, H. H.: Direct multi-scale ordination with canonical correspondence analysis. Ecology 85, 342–351 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zuur, A. F., Ieno, E. N. and Smith, G. M.: Analysing ecological data. Springer, New York (2007)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daniel Borcard .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Borcard, D., Gillet, F., Legendre, P. (2011). Introduction. In: Numerical Ecology with R. Use R. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7976-6_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics