Skip to main content

Co-design of IEEE 802.11 Based Control Systems

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Wireless Networking Based Control

Abstract

This chapter is concerned with wireless control using IEEE 802.11 or WiFi technology. A cart-mounted inverted pendulum was used to compare wireless control, using a packet-based DMC predictive controller against the conventional hard-wired performance. Importantly, the random delay from the 802.11 channel is modelled by an Inverse Gaussian probability distribution derived experimentally from practical measurements in a wireless reverberation chamber. The same application is also employed to expose the advantages of variable sampling for wireless control, specifically using state differential sampling. In both cases, the round trip delay constitutes a QoS measure to support the overall co-design approach to control, enabling the controller to respond to changing channel conditions to maintain the designed performance. While the chapter has a strong application focus, the results are presented in the general context of an up-to-date review of the relevant research in wireless network control. This includes alternative approaches to theoretical closed-loop stability and proposals for packet-based predictive control and sample rate adaptation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. LAN/MAN Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society, Information technology Telecommunications and Information Exchange between Systems Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Specific Requirements Part 15.4: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bluetooth Special Interest Group, Specification of the Bluetooth System, Version 1.1, (December 1999.)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Åström, K.J.: Event based control. In: Analysis and Design of Nonlinear Control Systems: In Honor of Alberto Isidori. Springer (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Åström, K.J., Bernhardsson, B.: Comparison of Riemann and Lebesque sampling for first order stochastic systems. In: Proceedings of the 41st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bäckström, M., Lundén, O., Kildal, P.S.: Reverberation chambers for EMC susceptibility and emission analyses. Review of Radio Science 1999–2002 pp. 429–452 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bianchi, G.: Performance analysis of the ieee 802.11 distributed coordination function. Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on 18(3), 535–547 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Chai, S., Liu, G., Rees, D.: Predictive control strategy for a wireless networked system. In: Proceedings of the 17th World Congress, The International Federation of Automatic Control, Seoul, Korea (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Chen, J., Irwin, G.W., Scanlon, W.G., McKernan, A.: A model predictive approach to wireless networked control. In: Proceeding of the UKACC International Control Conference, Manchester, September 2008 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Clarke, D.W., Mohtadi, C., Tuffs, P.S.: Generalized predictive control - part i. the basic algorithm. Automatica 23(2), 137–148 (1987)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Colandairaj, J.: An approach to wireless networked control. Ph.D. thesis, Queen’s University of Belfast (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Colandairaj, J., Irwin, G.W., Scanlon, W.: Wireless networked control systems with QoS-based sampling. IET Control Theory and Applications 1(1), 430–438 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta:20060519

  12. Colandairaj, J., Scanlon, W., Irwin, G.W.: Understanding wireless networked control systems through simulation. Computing & Control Engineering Journal 16(2), 26–31 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Flammini, A., Ferrari, P., Marioli, D., Sisinni, E., A.Taroni: Wired and wireless sensor networks for industrial applications. Microelectronics Journal 40 (August 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Gamez, R., Marti, P., Velasco, M., Fuertes, J.: Wireless network delay estimation for time-sensitive applications. Research report ESAII RR-06-12 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Gast, M.S.: 802.11 Wireless Networks, 2nd edn. O’Reilly (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Georgiev, D., Tilbury, D.: Packet-based control: The H2-optimal solution. Automatica 42(1), 137–144 (2006)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. Goodman, D., Pollini: Network control for wireless communications. Communications Magazine, IEEE 30, Issue: 12, 116–124 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Gunawardena, D., Massoulie, L.: Network characteristics: modelling, measurements and admission control. In: International workshop on quality of service, Berkeley CA,, vol. 2707, pp. 3–20 (June, 2003)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Haartsen, J.C.: The Bluetooth radio system. IEEE Personal Communications 1.7, 28–36 (Feb 2000)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Henningsson, T., Johannesson, E., Cervin, A.: Sporadic event-based control of first-order linear stochastic systems. Automatica 44(11), 2890–2895 (2008)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  21. Hespanha, J., Naghshtabrizi, P., Xu, Y.: A survey of recent results in networked control systems. Proceedings of the IEEE 95(1), 138–162 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Hristu-Varsakelis, D., Kumar, P.: Interrupt-Based Feedback Control over a Shared Communication Medium (I). In: IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, vol. 3, pp. 3223–3228. IEEE; 1998 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Hu, W., Liu, G.P., Rees, D.: Design and implementation of networked predictive control systems based on round trip time delay measurement. Proceedings of the American Control Conference (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  24. IEEE: IEEE Standard 802.11b: Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications: (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Irwin, G.W., Chen, J., McKernan, A., Scanlon, W.G.: Co-design of predictive controllers for wireless network control. IET Control Theory & Applications. (Feb. 2010)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Jiang, X., Han, Q.L., Liu, S., Xue, A.: A new H ∞ stabilization criterion for networked control systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 53(4), 1025–1032 (2008)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  27. Kawka, P., Alleyne, A.: Stability and performance of packet-based feedback control over a markov channel. In: American Control Conference, 2006, p.​ 6. (2006). 10.1109/ ACC.2006.1656649

    Google Scholar 

  28. Kawka, P., Alleyne, A.: An analysis framework for evaluating dropout compensation strategies in wireless servo systems. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 130, 034, 506 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Kaynak, O., Hashimoto, H., Lewis, P.: Minimum effort control of a servo system. pp. 755–759. Kobe, Japan (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Liu, G.P., Mu, J., Rees, D., Chai, S.: Design and stability analysis of networked control systems with random communication time delay using the modified mpc. International Journal of Control 79(4), 288–297 (2006)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  31. Luo, R., Chen, T.M.: Development of a multibehaviour-based mobile robot for remote supervisory control through the internet. IEEE Transactions on Mechatronics 5(4), 376–385 (May, 2000)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  32. McKernan, A., Ariño, C., Irwin, G.W., Scanlon, W.G., Chen, J.: A multiple observer approach to stability in wireless network control systems. Proceeding of the UKACC International Control Conference, Manchester (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  33. McKernan, A., Irwin, G.W.: Event-based sampling for wireless network contol systems with QoS. Submitted to American Control Conference 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Nikolakopoulos, G., Panousopoulou, A., Tzes, A.: Experimental controller tuning and qos optimization of a wireless transmission scheme for real-time remote control applications. Control Engineering Practice 16(3), 333–346(2008). http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2007.04.015

  35. Nixon, M., Shepard, R., Bennett, B., Chen, D., Mok, A.K.: A framework to transmit process control data over commercial wireless networks. pp. 855–866. Houston, TX, United states (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Ogata, K.: Moden Control Engineering. Prentice-Hall, fourth edition (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Paavola, M.: Wireless technologies in process automation - a review and an application example. Tech. rep., University of Oulu, Control Engineering Laboratory (Dec. 2007)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Panousopoulou, A., Nikolakopoulos, G., Tzes, A., Lygeros, J.: Recent trends on QoS for wireless networked controlled systems. Tech. rep., University of Patras, Electrical and Computer Engineering Dpartment, Greece

    Google Scholar 

  39. Petersen, S., Myhre, B., Doyle, P., Mikkelsen, E., Carlsen, S., Sjong, D., Skavhaug, A., Van Der Linden, J.H., Sansom, M.: A survey of wireless technology for the oil and gas industry. Society of Petroleum Engineers - Intelligent Energy Conference and Exhibition: Intelligent Energy 2008 2, 826–835 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Ploplys, N., Alleyne, A.: UDP network communications for distributed wireless controls. In: American Control Conference, 2003, vol. 4, pp. 3335–3340 (2003). 10. 1109 /ACC.2003. 1244046

    Google Scholar 

  41. Ploplys, N.J., Kawka, P.A., Alleyne, A.G.: Closed-loop control over wireless networks. Control Systems Magazine, IEEE 24(3), 58–71 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Rehbinder, H., Sanfridson, M.: Scheduling of a limited communication channel for optimal control. Automatica 40(3), 491–500 (2004)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  43. Sala, A.: Computer control under time-varying sampling period: An lmi gridding approach. Automatica 41(12), 2077–2082 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2005.05.017

    Google Scholar 

  44. Shinners, S.M.: Modern Control System Theory and Design, 2nd edn. Wiley (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Sun, X.M., Liu, G.P., Rees, D., Wang, W.: A novel method of stability analysis for networked control systems. IFAC Proceedings Volumes (IFAC-PapersOnline) 17(1) (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Tabbara, M., Nesic, D., Teel, A.R.: Stability of wireless and wireline networked control systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 52(9), 1615–1630 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TAC.2007.904473

    Google Scholar 

  47. Tang, P., De Silva, C.: Compensation for transmission delays in an ethernet-based control network using variable-horizon predictive control. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 14(4), 707–718 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Tang, P., de Silva, C.: Stability validation of a constrained model predictive networked control system with future input buffering. International Journal of Control 80(12), 1954–1970 (2007)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  49. Tickoo, O., Sikdar, B.: Modeling Queueing and Channel Access Delay in Unsaturated IEEE 802.11 Random Access MAC Based Wireless Networks. Networking, IEEE/ACM Transactions on 16(4), 878–891 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Walsh, G., Ye, H., Bushnell, L., et al.: Stability analysis of networked control systems. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 10(3), 438–446 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Xie, G., Wang, L.: Stabilization of networked control systems with time-varying network-induced delay. pp. 3551 – 3556. Nassau, Bahamas (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Yang, S.H., Cao, Y.: Networked control systems and wireless sensor networks: Theories and applications. International Journal of Systems Science 39(11), 1041–1044 (2008)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  53. Yang, T.: Networked control system: a brief survey. IEE Proceedings-Control Theory and Applications 153(4), 403–412 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Ye, H., Walsh, G., Bushnell, L.: Wireless local area networks in the manufacturing industry. In: American Control Conference, 2000. Proceedings of the 2000, 4, 2363–2367 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  55. Ye, H., Walsh, G., Bushnell, L.: Real-time mixed-traffic wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 48(5), 883–890 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Yook, J., Tilbury, D., Soparkar, N.: Trading computation for bandwidth: reducing communication in distributed control systems using state estimators. Control Systems Technology, IEEE Transactions on 10(4), 503–518 (2002). 10.1109/TCST.2002.1014671

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Yue, D., Han, Q., Lam, J.: Network-based robust H control of systems with uncertainty. Automatica 41(6), 999–1007 (2005)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  58. Zhang, L., Shi, Y., Chen, T., Huang, B.: A new method for stabilization of networked control systems with random delays. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 50(8), 1177–1181 (August 2005)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  59. Zhang, W., Branicky, M., Phillips, S.: Stability of networked control systems. IEEE Control Systems Magazine 21(1), 84–99 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

Jian Chen wishes to acknowledge the financial support of the Virtual Engineering Centre, Queen’s University of Belfast, for his doctoral research studies. Likewise, Adrian McKernan thanks the Northern Ireland Department for Education and Learning. All the authors have benefitted from technical input from Prof. William Scanlon on wireless aspects.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to George W. Irwin .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Irwin, G.W., McKernan, A., Chen, J. (2011). Co-design of IEEE 802.11 Based Control Systems. In: Mazumder, S. (eds) Wireless Networking Based Control. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7393-1_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7393-1_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-7392-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-7393-1

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics