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Molecular Pathology of Liver Diseases pp 147–163Cite as

Detoxification Functions of the Liver

Part of the Molecular Pathology Library book series (MPLB,volume 5)

Abstract

The body is exposed to a variety of chemicals everyday in the form of pharmaceutical agents, household chemicals, dietary supplements, and environmental contaminants, many of which are extremely toxic. The primary defense mechanisms against xenobiotics in the body are the drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) involved in metabolism and excretion of xenobiotics [1]. Liver is the primary organ involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics including chemicals and pharmaceutical agents. Other organs including kidney and intestine have minor drug metabolism capabilities but liver is the site of metabolism for a vast majority of drugs and chemicals [2]. The chemical reactions involved in drug metabolism generally convert chemicals into more water-soluble metabolites rendering them easier for eventual excretion in the urine. Whereas many reactions catalyzed by the DMEs result in more water-soluble products, which are relatively less harmful, a number of the DME-mediated reactions result in the production of metabolic intermediates, which are highly reactive and induce tissue damage [3]. Therefore, the detoxification function of the liver is not homogenous and metabolism of each chemical in the liver should be investigated on a case-by-case basis. Nevertheless, there are some general principles that apply to the entire drug metabolism process.

Keywords

  • CYP450 Enzyme
  • Aromatic Hydrocarbon Receptor
  • Constitutive Androstane Receptor
  • Conjugation Reaction
  • Canalicular Membrane

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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  1. Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA

    Udayan Apte

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  2. Partha Krishnamurthy
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    Satdarshan P. S. Monga

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Apte, U., Krishnamurthy, P. (2011). Detoxification Functions of the Liver. In: Monga, S. (eds) Molecular Pathology of Liver Diseases. Molecular Pathology Library, vol 5. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7107-4_11

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