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BetaSys pp 221–240Cite as

Cell Cultivation and Sensor-Based Assays for Dynamic Measurements of Cell Vitality

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Part of the book series: Systems Biology ((SYSTBIOL,volume 2))

Abstract

Cell cultivation is a fundamental tool in tissue engineering as well as in biomedical research. Choice of cell source and the control of cultivation parameters will determine the biological relevance and quality of the results. There are numerous biochemical and cellular assays available to test the vitality , i.e. the metabolic and functional activities , of cells in culture. Most of these assays, however, are end-point measurements and give information only for a selected time point. For non-invasive real-time measurements on cells or tissue cultures, multiparametric sensor chip test systems have been developed. They have in common: (1) sensor arrays for monitoring changes in extracellular acidification and O2 consumption , and optionally, electrodes for impedance; (2) integration of the sensor chip into cell culture containments; (3) a fluidic system to provide cells with fresh medium at regular intervals, which is a prerequisite for detecting metabolic changes and allows the addition and removal of test solutions; and (4) continuous signal monitoring in a non-invasive manner for prolonged times. The sensors are either electric (e.g. ISFETS , metal oxides , Clark-like electrodes ) or opto-chemical (fluorescent dyes), the latter being used in 24-well systems. These test systems are being applied for analysing the metabolic activity in various cell types, including pancreatic islets and β-cells, with regard to their energy metabolism and insulin secretion . The data could also serve top-down approaches in systems biology in providing functional information.

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Abbreviations

ATP :

adenosine triphosphate;

ELISA:

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

FADH2 :

flavin adenine dinucleotide-reduced

HEPES:

4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulphonic acid

IDES :

interdigital electrode structures

ISFET :

ion-sensitive field effect transistor

LAPS :

light-addressable potentiometric sensors

NADH:

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-reduced

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Acknowledgements

In this chapter I have described some multiparametric sensor chip platforms developed by Professor B. Wolf and co-workers at the Heinz Nixdorf Chair for Medical Electronics, Technische Universität München. This work over many years has been financially supported by the Heinz Nixdorf-Stiftung, the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), the Bavarian Research Foundation (Bayersiche Forschungsstiftung, BFS), the German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG), as well as industrial partners. I thank my colleagues for fruitful collaborations, with special thanks to Drs. B. Gleich, H. Grothe, and J. Wiest, to B. Becker and to Prof. B. Wolf for providing images and critical reading of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Medical Engineering (IMETUM), Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Boltzmannstr. 11, D-85748, Garching, Germany

    Angela M. Otto

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  1. Angela M. Otto
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Correspondence to Angela M. Otto .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. IMFUFA, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark

    Bernhelm Booß-Bavnbek

  2. University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M, 5230, Denmark

    Beate Klösgen

  3. Department of Science, Systems and Model, University of Roskilde, Universitetsvej 1, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark

    Jesper Larsen

  4. Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup Research Institute, Ndr. Ringvej 69 2, Glostrup, DK-2600, Denmark

    Flemming Pociot

  5. Skåne University Hospital Malmö entr 72, Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 19, Malmö, SE-205 02, Sweden

    Erik Renström

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Otto, A.M. (2011). Cell Cultivation and Sensor-Based Assays for Dynamic Measurements of Cell Vitality. In: Booß-Bavnbek, B., Klösgen, B., Larsen, J., Pociot, F., Renström, E. (eds) BetaSys. Systems Biology, vol 2. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6956-9_10

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