Abstract
Transmission line (TL) effects are one of the most common causes of noise problems in high-speed DSP systems. When do traces become TLs and how do TLs affect the system performance? A rule-of-thumb is that traces become TLs when the signals on those traces have a rise-time (Tr) less than twice the propagation delay (Tp). For example, if a delay from the source to the load is 2nS, then any of the signals with a rise-time less than 4nS becomes a TL. In this case, termination is required to guarantee minimum overshoots and undershoots caused by reflections. Excessive TL reflections can cause electromagnetic interference and random logic or DSP false-triggering. As a result of these effects, the design may fail to get the FCC certification or to fully function under all operating conditions such as at high temperatures or over-voltage conditions.
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References
Hall S, et al (2000) High Speed Digital System Design. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Texas Instruments Inc (2003) OMAP5912 Applications Processor Data Manual. http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/omap5912.pdf.
Mentor Graphics (2004) Hyperlynx Signal Integrity Simulation software. http://www.mentor.com/products/pcb-system-design/circuit-simulation/hyperlynx-signal-integrity/.
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Tran, T.T. (2010). Transmission Line (TL) Effects. In: High-Speed DSP and Analog System Design. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6309-3_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6309-3_2
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