Abstract
Video signals differ from image signals in several important characteristics. Of course the most important difference is that video signals have a camera frame rate of anywhere from 15 to 60 frames/s, which provides the illusion of smooth motion in the displayed signal.1 Another difference between images and video is the ability to exploit temporal redundancy as well as spatial redundancy in designing compression methods for video. For example, we can take advantage of the fact that objects in video sequences tend to move in predictable patterns, and can therefore be motion-compensated from frame-to-frame if we can detect the object and its motion trajectory over time.
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Notes
- 1.
If the camera rate, chosen to portray motion, is below the display rate, chosen to avoid flicker, then some camera frames will have to be repeated.
- 2.
Plain Old Telephone Service.
- 3.
Frames and pictures are synonymous in MPEG-1.
- 4.
Abbreviation of pixel.
- 5.
Prediction 16 × 16 blocks do not, in general, align with coded 16 × 16 luma (of MB) boundaries in the Reference frame.
- 6.
As in H.261, MPEG-1 uses the term Layers for this hierarchy. However, Layer has another meaning in MPEG-2. Thus, to avoid confusion we will not use Layers in this section.
- 7.
VHS, an abbreviation for Video Home System, is a registered trademark of the Victor Company of Japan.
- 8.
The top field contains the top line of the frame. The bottom field contains the second (and bottom) line of the frame.
References
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ITU-T Recommendation H.261, Video Codec for Audiovisual Services at p*64 kbits/sec.
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A. Puri, R. Aravind, and B. G. Haskell, “Adaptive Frame/Field Motion Compensated Video Coding”, Signal Processing Image Communication, Vol. 1–5, pp. 39–58, Feb. 1993.
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Haskell, B.G., Puri, A. (2012). MPEG Video Compression Basics. In: Chiariglione, L. (eds) The MPEG Representation of Digital Media. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6184-6_2
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