Abstract
Oral candidiasis is an opportunistic infection caused by yeast of the Candida genus, primarily Candida albicans. It is generally associated with predisposing factors such as the use of immunosuppressive agents, antibiotics, prostheses, and xerostomia. The development of research in animal models is extremely important for understanding the nature of the fungal pathogenicity, host interactions, and treatment of oral mucosal Candida infections. Many oral candidiasis models in rats and mice have been developed with antibiotic administration, induction of xerostomia, treatment with immunosuppressive agents, or the use of germ-free animals, and all these models has both benefits and limitations. Over the past decade, invertebrate model hosts, including Galleria mellonella, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila melanogaster, have been used for the study of Candida pathogenesis. These invertebrate systems offer a number of advantages over mammalian vertebrate models, predominantly because they allow the study of strain collections without the ethical considerations associated with studies in mammals. Thus, the invertebrate models may be useful to understanding of pathogenicity of Candida isolates from the oral cavity, interactions of oral microorganisms, and study of new antifungal compounds for oral candidiasis.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Allen CM (1994) Animal models of oral candidiasis. A review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 78:216–221
Allen CM, Blozis GG, Rosen S, Bright RS (1982) Chronic candidiasis of the rat tongue: a possible model for human Median Rhomboid Glossitis. J Dent Res 61:287–291
Chamilos G et al (2006) Drosophila melanogaster as a facile model for large-scale studies of virulence mechanisms and antifungal drug efficacy in Candida species. J Infect Dis 193:1014–1022
Chamilos G, Lionakis MS, Lewis RE, Kontoyiannis DP (2007) Role of mini-host models in the study of medically important fungi. Lancet Infect Dis 7:42–55
Chamilos G, Nobile CJ, Bruno VM, Lewis RE, Mitchell AP, Kontoyiannis DP (2009) Candida albicans Cas5, a Regulator of cell wall integrity, is required for virulence in munrine and Toll mutant fly models. J Infect Dis 200:152–157
Coleman JJ et al (2010) Characterization of plant-derived saponin natural products against Candida albicans. ACS Chem Biol 5:321–332
Deng Z, Kiyuna A, Hasegawa M, Nakasome I, Hosokawa A, Suzuki M (2010) Oral candidiasis in patients receiving radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 143:242–247
Donelly RF, Mcarrin PA, Tunney MM, Woolfson AD (2007) Potential of photodynamic therapy in treatment of fungal infections of the mouth. Design and characterisation of a mucoadhesive patch containing toluidine blue O. J Photochem Photobiol B 86:59–69
Fisker AV, Rindon-Schiott C, Philipsen HP (1982) Long-term oral candidosis in rats. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand 90:221–227
Fuchs BB, Mylonakis E (2006) Using non-mammalian hosts to study fungal virulence and host defense. Curr Opin Microbiol 9:346–351
Fuchs BB, Eby J, Nobile CJ, El Khoury JB, Mitchell AP, Mylonakis E (2010) Role of filamentation in Galleria mellonella killing by Candida albicans. Microbes Infect 12:488–496
Green CB, Marretta SM, Cheng G, Faddoul FF, Ehrharts EJ, Hoyer LL (2006) RT-PCR analysis of Candida albicans ALS gene expression in a hyposalivatory rat model of oral candidiasis and in HIV-positive human patients. Med Mycol 44:103–111
Hamza OJM et al (2008) Species distribuition and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of oral yeast isolates from Tanzanian HIV infected patients with primary and recurrent oropharyngeal candidiasis. BMC Microbiol 8:135
He H, Cong Y, Yang H, Dong Y (2010) Mutative expression in Candida albicans infection and cytokine signaling network in gene knockout mice. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 9:913–916
Jayatilake JA, Samaranayake YH, Samaranayake LP (2005) An ultrastructural and a cytochemical study of candidal invasion of reconstituted human oral epithelium. J Oral Pathol Med 34:240–246
Jin Y, Samaranayake LP, Samaranayake Y, Yip HK (2004) Biofilm formation of Candida albicans is variably affected by saliva and dietary sugars. Arch Oral Biol 49:789–798
Jones JH, Adams D (1970) Experimentally induced acute oral candidosis in the rat. Br J Dermatol 83:670–673
Jorge AO, Totti MA, Almeida OP, Scully C (1993) Oral candidosis established in the sialoadenectomized rat. J Oral Pathol Med 22:54–56
Junqueira JC, Colombo CE, Martins JS, Koga-Ito CY, Carvalho YR, Jorge AOC (2005) Experimental candidosis and recovery of Candida albicans from the oral cavity of ovariectomized rats. Microbiol Immunol 49:199–207
Junqueira JC, Martins JS, Faria RL, Colombo CED, Jorge AOC (2009) Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of buccal candidiasis in rats. Lasers Med Sci 24:877–884
Kömerik N, Nakanishi H, MacRobert AJ, Henderson B, Speight P, Wilson M (2003) In vivo killing of Porphyromonas gingivalis by Toluidine Blue-mediated photosensitization in an animal model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47:932–940
Mima EG et al (2010) Susceptibility of Candida albicans to photodynamic therapy in a murine model of oral candidiasis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 109:392–401
Mylonakis E (2008) Galleria mellonella and the study of fungal pathogenesis: making the case for another genetically tractable model host. Mycopathologia 165:1–3
Naglik JR et al (2008) Animal models of mucosal Candida infection. FEMS Microbiol Lett 283:129–139
Niimi MN, Firth NA, Cannon RD (2010) Antifungal drug resistance of oral fungi. Odontology 98:15–25
Noumi E et al (2010) Adhesive properties and hydrolytic enzymes of oral Candida albicans strains. Mycopathologia 169:269–278
Park H et al (2005) Role of the fungal Ras-protein kinase A pathway in governing epithelial cell interactions during oropharyngeal candidiasis. Cell Microbiol 7:499–510
Pukkila-Worley R, Peleg AY, Tampakakis E, Mylonakis E (2009) Candida albicans hyphal formation and virulence assesses using a Caernorhabditis elegans infection model. Eukaryot Cell 8:1750–1758
Rowan R, Moran C, McCann M, Kavanagh K (2009) Use of Galleria mellonella larvae to evaluate the in vivo anti-fungal activity of [Ag2(mal)(phen)3]. Biometals 22:461–467
Salerno C et al (2010) Candida-associated denture stomatitis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 16:139–143
Samaranayake YU, Samaranayake LP (2001) Experimental oral candidiasis in animal models. Clin Microbiol Rev 14:398–429
Taguchi Y et al (2010) Therapeutic effects on murine oral candidiasis by oral administration of Cassia (Cinnamomum cassia) preparation. J Med Mycol 51:13–21
Takakura N et al (2003) A novel murine model of oral candidiasis with local symptoms characteristic of oral thrush. Microbiol Immunol 47:321–326
Totti MAG, Santos EB, Almeida OP, Scully C (1996) Implantation of Candida albicans and other Candida species in the oral cavity of rats. J Oral Pathol Med 25:308–310
Webb BC, Thomas CJ, Willcox MH, Harty DW, Knox KW (1998) Candida-associated denture stomatitis. Aetiology and management: a review. Aust Dent J 43:45–50
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this paper
Cite this paper
Junqueira, J.C. (2012). Models Hosts for the Study of Oral Candidiasis. In: Mylonakis, E., Ausubel, F., Gilmore, M., Casadevall, A. (eds) Recent Advances on Model Hosts. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 710. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5638-5_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5638-5_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-5637-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-5638-5
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)