Abstract
We set the stage for this chapter by recapitulating Winne and Hadwin’s (1998) model of self-regulated learning and identifying three obstacles learners face when they strive to effectively self-regulate learning autonomously. In this context, we provide an overview of the nStudy software system, a web application that offers learners a wide array of tools for identifying and operating on information they study. We designed nStudy to be a laboratory for learners and researchers alike to explore learning skills, metacognition and self-regulated learning. As learners use nStudy’s tools to study information in the Internet or researchers’ specially prepared HTML material, nStudy logs fine-grained, time-stamped trace data that reflect the cognitive and metacognitive events in self-regulated learning. Next steps in work on the nStudy system are to add tools learners that provide feedback they can use to advance personal programs of research on improving learning skills and gainfully self-regulating learning.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Researchers far more commonly use the term strategies in this regard but we perceive these cognitive scripts typically provide meager opportunity for strategic judgment; see Winne (2011). Hence, we use a term that reflects a more straightforward If–Then architecture with less complexity, namely, tactics.
- 2.
A mod-click is a right-click in the Windows operating systems and a control-click in the Apple operating system.
References
Bell, K. E., & Limber, J. E. (2010). Reading skill, textbook marking, and course performance. Literacy Research and Instruction, 49, 56–67.
Bjorklund, D. F., Miller, P. H., Coyle, T. R., & Slawinski, J. L. (1997). Instructing children to use memory strategies: Evidence of utilization deficiencies in memory training studies. Developmental Review, 17, 411–442.
Butler, D. L., & Winne, P. H. (1995). Feedback and self-regulated learning: A theoretical synthesis. Review of Educational Research, 65, 245–281.
Gier, V. S., Kreiner, D. S., & Natz-Gonzalez, A. (2009). Harmful effects of preexisting inappropriate highlighting on reading comprehension and metacognitive accuracy. The Journal of General Psychology, 136, 287–300.
Greene, J. A., & Azevedo, R. (2007). A theoretical review of Winne and Hadwin’s model of self-regulated learning: new perspectives and directions. Review of Educational Research, 77, 334–372.
Hadwin, A. F. (2000). Building a case for self-regulating as a socially constructed phenomenon. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
Hadwin, A. F., Nesbit, J. C., Code, J., Jamieson-Noel, D. L., & Winne, P. H. (2007). Examining trace data to explore self-regulated learning. Metacognition and Learning, 2, 107–124.
Hadwin, A. F., Oshige, M., Gress, C. L. Z., & Winne, P. H. (2010). Innovative ways for using gStudy to orchestrate and research social aspects of self-regulated learning. Computers in Human Behavoir, 26, 794–805.
Hadwin, A. F., Oshige, M., Miller, M., & Wild, P. (2009). Examining student and instructor task perceptions in a complex engineering design task: Paper proceedings presented for the 6th International Conference on Innovation and Practices in Engineering Design and Engineering Education (CDEN/C 2 E 2 ), Hamilton, ON, Canada: McMaster University.
Hadwin, A. F., Webster, E., Helm, S., McCardle, L., & Gendron, A. (2010). Toward the study of intra-individual differences in goal setting and motivation regulation. Paper presented at the Annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Denver, CO.
Hadwin, A. F., & Winne, P. H. (1996). Study skills have meager support: A review of recent research on study skills in higher education. Journal of Higher Education, 67, 692–715.
Hattie, J., Biggs, J., & Purdie, N. (1996). Effects of learning skills interventions on student learning: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 66, 99–136.
Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Review of Educational Research, 77, 81–113.
Koriat, A., Ma’ayan, H., & Nussinson, R. (2006). The intricate relationships between monitoring and control in metacognition: Lessons for the cause-and-effect relation between subjective experience and behavior. Journal of Experimental Psychology. General, 135, 36–69.
Mayer, R. E. (Ed.). (2005). The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning. New York: Cambridge University Press.
McCardle, L., Miller, M., Gendron, A., Helm, S., Hadwin, A., & Webster, E. (2010). Regulation of motivation: Exploring the link between students’ goals for motivational state and strategy choice in university tasks. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Canadian Society for the Study of Education. Montreal, QC.
Miller, M. F. W. (2009). Predicting university students’ performance on a complex task: Does task understanding moderate the influence of self-efficacy? Unpublished Master’s thesis. University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
Miller, M. F. W., & Hadwin, A. F. (2010). Supporting university success: Examining the influence of explicit and implicit task understanding and self-efficacy on academic performance. Paper presented at the Annual meeting of the Canadian Society for the Study of Education, Montreal, QC.
Nist, S., & Holschuh, J. (2000). Comprehension strategies at the college level. In R. F. Flippo & D. C. Caverly (Eds.), Handbook of college reading and study strategy research (pp. 75–104). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Oshige, M. (2009). Exploring task understanding in self-regulated learning: Task understanding as a predictor of academic success in undergraduate students. Unpublished Master’s thesis. University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
Pressley, M., Yokoi, L., van Meter, P., Van Etten, S., & Freebern, G. (1997). Some of the reasons preparing for exams is so hard: What can be done to make it easier? Educational Psychology Review, 9, 1–38.
Thomas, A. K., & McDaniel, M. A. (2007). Metacomprehension for educationally relevant materials: Dramatic effects of encoding-retrieval interactions. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 212–218.
Webster, E., Helm, S., Hadwin, A. F., Gendron, A., & Miller, M. (2010). Academic goals and self-regulated learning: An analysis of changes in goal quality, goal efficacy, and goal attainment over time. Poster presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Denver, CO.
Winne, P. H. (1982). Minimizing the black box problem to enhance the validity of theories about instructional effects. Instructional Science, 11, 13–28.
Winne, P. H. (1997). Experimenting to bootstrap self-regulated learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, 397–410.
Winne, P. H. (2006). How software technologies can improve research on learning and bolster school reform. Educational Psychologist, 41, 5–17.
Winne, P. H. (2010a). Improving measurements of self-regulated learning. Educational Psychologist, 45, 267–276.
Winne, P. H. (2010b). Bootstrapping learner’s self-regulated learning. Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling, 52, 472–490.
Winne, P. H. (2011). A cognitive and metacognitive analysis of self-regulated learning. In B. J. Zimmerman & D. H. Schunk (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance (pp. 15–32). New York: Routledge.
Winne, P. H., & Hadwin, A. F. (1998). Studying as self-regulated learning. In D. J. Hacker, J. Dunlosky, & A. C. Graesser (Eds.), Metacognition in educational theory and practice (pp. 277–304). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Winne, P. H., Hadwin, A. F., & Beaudoin, L. P. (2010). nStudy: A web application for researching and promoting self-regulated learning (version 2.0) [computer program]. Burnaby, BC, Canada: Simon Fraser University.
Winne, P. H., Hadwin, A. F., & Perry, N. E. (2013). Metacognition and computer-supported collaborative learning. In C. Hmelo-Silver, A. O’Donnell, C. Chan & C. Chinn (Eds.), International handbook of collaborative learning (pp. 462–479). New York: Taylor & Francis.
Winne, P. H., & Jamieson-Noel, D. L. (2002). Exploring students’ calibration of self-reports about study tactics and achievement. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 27, 551–572.
Winne, P. H., Jamieson-Noel, D. L., & Muis, K. (2002). Methodological issues and advances in researching tactics, strategies, and self-regulated learning. In P. R. Pintrich & M. L. Maehr (Eds.), Advances in motivation and achievement: New directions in measures and methods (Vol. 12, pp. 121–155). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Winne, P. H., & Marx, R. W. (1989). A cognitive processing analysis of motivation within classroom tasks. In C. Ames & R. Ames (Eds.), Research on motivation in education (Vol. 3, pp. 223–257). Orlando, FL: Academic.
Winne, P. H., & Perry, N. E. (2000). Measuring self-regulated learning. In M. Boekaerts, P. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 531–566). Orlando, FL: Academic.
Winne, P. H., Zhou, M., & Egan, R. (2010). Assessing self-regulated learning skills. In G. Schraw (Ed.), Assessment of higher-order thinking skills. New York: Routledge.
Wittrock, M. C. (2010). Learning as a generative process. Educational Psychologist, 45, 40–45.
Zimmerman, B. J. (2008). Investigating self-regulation and motivation: Historical background, methodological developments, and future prospects. American Educational Research Journal, 45, 166–183.
Acknowledgments
Support for this research was provided by grants to Philip H. Winne from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (410-2007-1159 and 512-2003-1012), the Canada Research Chair Program and Simon Fraser University; and to Allyson F. Hadwin and Philip H. Winne from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (410-2008-0700).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Winne, P.H., Hadwin, A.F. (2013). nStudy: Tracing and Supporting Self-Regulated Learning in the Internet. In: Azevedo, R., Aleven, V. (eds) International Handbook of Metacognition and Learning Technologies. Springer International Handbooks of Education, vol 28. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5546-3_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5546-3_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-5545-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-5546-3
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawEducation (R0)