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Dyspepsia in Clinical Practice pp 89–124Cite as

Management of Helicobacter pylori Infection

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Abstract

The discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in 1982 by Barry Marshall and Robin Warren was the starting point of a new era in understanding and management of gastroduodenal diseases. H. pylori is a spiral-shaped, gram-negative, microaerophilic, urease-producing bacterium. It is one of the most common human infections worldwide, and it is estimated that about one half of the world’s population is infected [1]. The risk of acquiring H. pylori infection is related to socioeconomic status, living conditions, and habits that we acquire from early childhood. Person-to-person transmission through either fecal-to-oral or oral-to-oral exposure seems to be the most probable way of acquiring the infection. In developing nations, where the majority of children are infected before the age of 10, the prevalence in adults exceeds 80% [1]. In developed countries, detection of the infection in children is unusual but becomes more common during adulthood, and the prevalence increases up to 50% in the elderly population [1]. Approximately 30% to 40% of the United States (US) population is infected with H. pylori [2]. In North America, the prevalence of H. pylori among Asian Americans, African Americans, and Hispanics is similar to the one found in developing countries [3]. Once acquired, infection persists in the stomach for years and may or may not produce a gastroduodenal disease. Over 80% of individuals infected with the bacterium are asymptomatic. However, H. pylori infection is the main risk factor for a broad variety of chronic gastrointestinal diseases such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma.

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Acknowledgments

The unselfish help of our esteemed colleagues Lucija Virović-Jukić, MD, PhD, and Neven Baršić, MD, is highly appreciated.

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  1. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, ‘Sestre milosrdnice’ University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia

    Ivan Lerotić

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    Marko Duvnjak

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Duvnjak, M., Lerotić, I. (2011). Management of Helicobacter pylori Infection. In: Duvnjak, M. (eds) Dyspepsia in Clinical Practice. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1730-0_9

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