Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pain, Depression, and Anxiety in Cancer

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Pain and Palliative Care

Abstract

The experience of pain is often associated with negative affect, such as anxiety and depression, and this relationship is evident in adult cancer patients, particularly those with advanced disease. Adequate management of pain in cancer patients cannot be achieved without addressing co-occurring psychological factors (Psychological approaches to pain management, Guilford Press, New York, pp. 501–514, 2002). The aim of this chapter is to summarize knowledge about depression and anxiety as they relate to pain in adult cancer patients. We will briefly review the etiology and prevalence of pain before summarizing the existing knowledge about the relationship of depression and anxiety to pain in adult cancer patients. We will then provide an overview of the etiology, methods of assessment, prevalence, and management of depression and anxiety as it pertains to adult cancer patients. Examples of studies conducted with cancer patients with pain and palliative care patients will be discussed when relevant. Finally, we conclude with future directions for addressing depression and anxiety in cancer patients with pain.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 349.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 449.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 599.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Agarwal, M., Hamilton, J. B., Moore, C. E., & Crandell, J. L. (2010). Predictors of depression among older African American cancer patients. Cancer Nursing, 33, 156–163.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ahles, T. A., Saykin, A. J., Noll, W. W., Furstenberg, C. T., Guerin, S., Cole, B., & Mott, L. A. (2003). The relationship of APOE genotype to neuropsychological performance in long-term cancer survivors treated with standard dose chemotherapy. Psycho-Oncology, 12, 612–619.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Akechi, T., Okuyama, T., Onishi, J., Morita, T., & Furukawa, T. A. (2008). Psychotherapy for depression among incurable cancer patients. Cochrane Database Systemic Reviews, 2, CD005537.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allard, P., Maunsell, E., Labbe, J., & Dorval, M. (2001). Educational interventions to improve cancer pain control: A systematic review. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 4, 191–203.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Washington: American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antoni, M. H., Wimberly, S. R., Lechner, S. C., Kazi, A., Sifre, T., Urcuyo, K. R., Phillips, K., Smith, R. G., Petronis, V. M., Guellati, S., Wells, K. A., Blomberg, B., & Carver, C. S. (2006). Reduction of cancer-specific thought intrusions and anxiety symptoms with a stress management intervention among women undergoing treatment for breast cancer. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 1791–1797.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arathuzik, D. (1994). Effects of cognitive-behavioral strategies on pain in cancer patients. Cancer Nursing, 17, 207–214.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bakker, A., van Balkom, A. J., & Spinhoven, P. (2002). SSRIs vs. TCAs in the treatment of panic disorder: A meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 106, 163–167.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barsevick, A. M., Sweeney, C., Haney, E., & Chung, E. (2002). A systematic qualitative analysis of psychoeducational interventions for depression in patients with cancer. Oncology Nursing Forum, 29, 73–84. quiz 77–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1990). Manual for the Beck Anxiety Inventory. San Antonio: Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berney, A., Stiefel, F., Mazzocato, C., & Buclin, T. (2000). Psychopharmacology in supportive care of cancer: A review for the clinician. III. Antidepressants. Supportive Care in Cancer, 8, 278–286.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, S. R., & Warr, D. (2003). Coping, catastrophizing and chronic pain in breast cancer. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 26, 265–281.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blake, D. D., Weathers, F., Nagi, L. M., Kaloupek, D. G., Klauminzer, G., Charney, D. S., & Keane, T. M. (1990). A clinician’s rating scale for assessing current and lifetime PTSD: The CAPS 1. Behavior Therapist, 13, 187–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bottomley, A. (1998). Depression in cancer patients: A literature review. European Journal of Cancer Care, 7, 181–191.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braun, I. M., & Pirl, W. F. (2010). Psychotropic medications in cancer care. In J. C. Holland, W. S. Breitbart, P. B. Jacobsen, M. S. Lederberg, M. J. Loscalzo, & R. McCorkle (Eds.), Psycho-oncology (pp. 378–385). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Breitbart, W. S., Park, J., & Katz, A. M. (2010). Pain. In J. C. Holland, W. S. Breitbart, P. B. Jacobsen, M. S. Lederberg, M. J. Loscalzo, & R. McCorkle (Eds.), Psycho-oncology (pp. 215–228). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Brintzenhofe-Szoc, K. M., Levin, T. T., Li, Y., Kissane, D. W., & Zabora, J. R. (2009). Mixed anxiety/depression symptoms in a large cancer cohort: Prevalence by cancer type. Psychosomatics, 50, 383–391.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J. H., & Parakevas, F. (1982). Cancer and depression: Cancer presenting with depressive illness: An autoimmune disease? The British Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 227–232.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bruera, E., Miller, M. J., Macmillan, K., & Kuehn, N. (1992). Neuropsychological effects of methylphenidate in patients receiving a continuous infusion of narcotics for cancer pain. Pain, 48, 163–166.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bruera, E., & Neumann, C. M. (1998). The uses of psychotropics in symptom management in advanced cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 7, 346–358.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bryant, R. A., Harvey, A. G., Dang, S. T., & Sackville, T. (1998). Assessing acute stress disorder: Psychometric properties of a structured clinical interview. Psychological Assessment, 10, 215–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buclin, T., Mazzocato, C., Berney, A., & Stiefel, F. (2001). Psychopharmacology in supportive care of cancer: A review for the clinician. IV. Other psychotropic agents. Supportive Care in Cancer, 9, 213–222.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bukberg, J., Penman, D., & Holland, J. C. (1984). Depression in hospitalized cancer patients. Psychosomatic Medicine, 46, 199–212.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Capuron, L., Gumnick, J. F., Musselman, D. L., Lawson, D. H., Reemsnyder, A., Nemeroff, C. B., & Miller, A. H. (2002). Neurobehavioral effects of interferon-alpha in cancer patients: Phenomenology and paroxetine responsiveness of symptom dimensions. Neuropsychopharmacology, 26, 643–652.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Capuron, L., Ravaud, A., & Dantzer, R. (2000). Early depressive symptoms in cancer patients receiving interleukin 2 and/or interferon alfa-2b therapy. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 18, 2143–2151.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caraceni, A., & Weinstein, S. M. (2001). Classification of cancer pain syndromes. Oncology (Williston Park), 15, 1627–1640. 1642; discussion 1623–1642, 1627–1646.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, L. E., Angen, M., Cullum, J., Goodey, E., Koopmans, J., Lamont, L., MacRae, J. H., Martin, M., Pelletier, G., Robinson, J., Simpson, J. S., Speca, M., Tillotson, L., & Bultz, B. D. (2004). High levels of untreated distress and fatigue in cancer patients. British Journal of Cancer, 90, 2297–2304.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, D., Goudas, L., Lawrence, D., Pirl, W., Lau, J., DeVine, D., et al. (2002). Management of cancer symptoms: Pain, depression, and fatigue. Evidence report/technology assessment No. 61. (Prepared by the New England Medical center evidence-based practice center under contract No. 290-97-0019). AHRQ publication no. 02-E032. Rockville, MD: Agency for Health care research and quality. July 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassileth, B. R., Deng, G. E., Gomez, J. E., Johnstone, P. A., Kumar, N., & Vickers, A. J. (2007). Complementary therapies and integrative oncology in lung cancer: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition). Chest, 132, 340S–354S.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, M.-L., Chang, H.-K., & Yeh, C.-H. (2000). Anxiety and depression in Taiwanese cancer patients with and without pain. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32, 944–951.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheung, Y. L., Molassiotis, A., & Chang, A. M. (2003). The effect of progressive muscle relaxation training on anxiety and quality of life after stoma surgery in colorectal cancer patients. Psycho-Oncology, 12, 254–266.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chochinov, H. M., Wilson, K. G., Enns, M., & Lander, S. (1997). “Are you depressed?” screening for depression in the terminally ill. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 674–676.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ciaramella, A., & Poli, P. (2001). Assessment of depression among cancer patients: The role of pain, cancer type and treatment. Psycho-Oncology, 10, 156–165.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cleeland, C. S. (1984). The impact of pain on the patient with cancer. Cancer, 54, 2635–2641.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dahl, A. A., Haaland, C. F., Mykletun, A., Bremnes, R., Dahl, O., Klepp, O., Wist, E., & Fossa, S. D. (2005). Study of anxiety disorder and depression in long-term survivors of testicular cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 23, 2389–2395.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dalton, J. A., Keefe, F. J., Carlson, J., & Youngblood, R. (2004). Tailoring cognitive-behavioral treatment for cancer pain. Pain Management Nursing, 5, 3–18.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Derogatis, L. R., Morrow, G. R., Fetting, J., Penman, D., Piasetsky, S., Schmale, A. M., Henrichs, M., & Carnicke, C. L., Jr. (1983). The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among cancer patients. Journal of American Medical Association, 249, 751–757.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Devine, E. C. (2003). Meta-analysis of the effect of psychoeducational interventions on pain in adults with cancer. Oncology Nursing Forum, 30, 75–89.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Devine, E. C., & Westlake, S. K. (1995). The effects of psychoeducational care provided to adults with cancer: Meta-analysis of 116 studies. Oncology Nursing Forum, 22, 1369–1381.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DuHamel, K. N., Mosher, C. E., Winkel, G., Labay, L. E., Rini, C., Meschian, Y. M., et al. (2010). Randomized clinical trial of telephone-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy to reduce post-traumatic stress disorder and distress symptoms after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 28, 3754–3761.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Edelman, S., Bell, D. R., & Kidman, A. D. (1999). A group cognitive behaviour therapy programme with metastatic breast cancer patients. Psycho-Oncology, 8, 295–305.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fallowfield, L., Ratcliffe, D., Jenkins, V., & Saul, J. (2001). Psychiatric morbidity and its recognition by doctors in patients with cancer. British Journal of Cancer, 84, 1011–1015.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fallowfield, L. J., Hall, A., Maguire, P., Baum, M., & A’Hern, R. P. (1994). Psychological effects of being offered choice of surgery for breast cancer. British Medical Journal, 309, 448.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feyer, P., & Jordan, K. (2011). Update and new trends in antiemetic therapy: The continuing need for novel therapies. Annals of Oncology, 22(1), 30–38.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • First, M. B., Gibbons, M., & Spitzer, R. L. (1996). Users guide for the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders: Research version. New York: Biometrics Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, D. J., Villines, D., Kim, Y. O., Epstein, J. B., & Wilkie, D. J. (2010). Anxiety, depression, and pain: Differences by primary cancer. Supportive Care in Cancer, 18, 801–810.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foley, E., Bailie, A., Huxter, M., Price, M., & Sinclair, E. (2010). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for individuals whose lives have been affected by cancer: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 72–79.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foley, K. M. (1996). Pain syndromes in patients with cancer. In R. K. Portenoy & R. M. Kanner (Eds.), Pain management: Theory and practice (pp. 191–216). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glover, J., Dibble, S. L., Dodd, M. J., & Miaskowski, C. (1995). Mood states of oncology outpatients: Does pain make a difference? Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 10, 120–128.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, P. J., Leszcz, M., Ennis, M., Koopmans, J., Vincent, L., Guther, H., Drysdale, E., Hundleby, M., Chochinov, H. M., Navarro, M., Speca, M., & Hunter, J. (2001). The effect of group psychosocial support on survival in metastatic breast cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine, 345, 1719–1726.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green, E., Zwaal, C., Beals, C., Fitzgerald, B., Harle, I., Jones, J., Tsui, J., Volpe, J., Yoshimoto, D., & Wiernikowski, J. (2010). Cancer-related pain management: A report of evidence-based recommendations to guide practice. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 26, 449–462.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greer, S., Moorey, S., Baruch, J. D., Watson, M., Robertson, B. M., Mason, A., Rowden, L., Law, M. G., & Bliss, J. M. (1992). Adjuvant psychological therapy for patients with cancer: A prospective randomised trial. British Medical Journal, 304, 675–680.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harter, M., Reuter, K., Aschenbrenner, A., Schretzmann, B., Marschner, N., Hasenburg, A., & Weis, J. (2001). Psychiatric disorders and associated factors in cancer: Results of an interview study with patients in inpatient, rehabilitation and outpatient treatment. European Journal of Cancer, 37, 1385–1393.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holland, J. D., Korzun, A. H., Tross, S., Silberfarb, P., Perry, M., Comis, R., & Oster, M. (1986). Comparative psychological disturbance in patients with pancreatic and gastric cancer. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 982–986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holland, J. C., Morrow, G. R., Schmale, A., Derogatis, L., Stefanek, M., Berenson, S., Carpenter, P. J., Breitbart, W., & Feldstein, M. (1991). A randomized clinical trial of alprazolam versus progressive muscle relaxation in cancer patients with anxiety and depressive symptoms. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 9, 1004–1011.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holland, J. C., Romano, S. J., Heiligenstein, J. H., Tepner, R. G., & Wilson, M. G. (1998). A controlled trial of fluoxetine and desipramine in depressed women with advanced cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 7, 291–300.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz, M., Wilner, N., & Alvarez, W. (1979). Impact of Event Scale: A measure of subjective stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 41, 209–218.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hotopf, M., Chidgey, J., Addington-Hall, J., & Ly, K. L. (2002). Depression in advanced disease: A systematic review Part 1. Prevalence and case finding. Palliative Medicine, 16, 81–97.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, K. C., Lipman, A. G. (2004). Drug therapy for delirium in terminally ill patients. Cochrane Database Systemic Reviews, 2, CD004770.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, C., Ross, R. D., Walker, I. M., & Stockdale, F. E. (1983). Behavior of cancer patients: A randomized study of the effects of education and peer support groups. American Journal of Clinical Oncology, 6, 347–353.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobsen, P., Donovan, K., Scwaine, Z., & Watson, I. (2006a). Management of anxiety and depression: Toward an evidence-based approach. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobsen, P. B., & Butler, R. W. (1996). Relation of cognitive coping and catastrophizing to acute pain and analgesic use following breast cancer surgery. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 19, 17–29.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobsen, P. B., Donovan, K. A., Swaine, Z. N., & Watson, I. S. (2006b). Management of anxiety and depression in adult cancer patients: Toward an evidence-based approach. In A. E. Change, P. A. Ganz, D. F. Hayes, et al. (Eds.), Oncology: An evidence-based approach (pp. 1552–1579). New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobsen, P. B., & Jim, H. S. (2008). Psychosocial interventions for anxiety and depression in adult cancer patients: Achievements and challenges. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 58, 214–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobsson, L. O. (1971). Initial mental disorders in carcinoma of pancreas and stomach. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 220, 120–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joffe, R., Rubinow, D., Demicoff, K., Maher, M., & Sindelar, W. F. (1986). Depression and carcinoma of the pancreas. General Hospital Psychiatry, 8, 241–245.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kane, R. L., Berstein, L., Wales, J., & Rothenberg, R. (1985). Hospice effectiveness in controlling pain. Journal of American Medical Association, 253, 2683–2686.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kangas, M., Henry, J., & Bryant, R. (2005). The course of psychological disorder in the 1st year after cancer diagnosis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 763–768.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kelsen, D. P., Portenoy, R. K., Thaler, H. T., Niedzwiecki, D., Passik, S. D., Tao, Y., Banks, W., Brennan, M. F., & Foley, K. M. (1995). Pain and depression in patients with newly diagnosed pancreas cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 13, 748–755.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kroenke, K., Theobald, D., Norton, K., Sanders, R., Schlundt, S., McCalley, S., Harvey, P., Iseminger, K., Morrison, G., Carpenter, J. S., Stubbs, D., Jacks, R., Carney-Doebbeling, C., Wu, J., & Tu, W. (2009). The Indiana Cancer Pain and Depression (INCPAD) trial: Design of a telecare management intervention for cancer-related symptoms and baseline characteristics of study participants. General Hospital Psychiatry, 31, 240–253.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kroenke, K., Theobald, D., Wu, J., Norton, K., Morrison, G., Carpenter, J., & Tu, W. (2010). Effect of telecare management on pain and depression in patients with cancer: A randomized trial. Journal of American Medical Association, 304, 163–171.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krouse, R. S. (2010). Gastrointestinal cancer. In J. C. Holland, W. S. Breitbart, P. B. Jacobsen, M. S. Ledoux, M. J. Loscalzo, & R. McCorkle (Eds.), Psycho-oncology. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kutner, J. S., & Smith, M. C. (2011). CAM in chronic pain and palliative care. In R. J. Moore (Ed.), Handbook of pain and palliative care: Biobehavioral approaches for the life course. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laird, B. J., Boyd, A. C., Colvin, L. A., & Fallon, M. T. (2009). Are cancer pain and depression interdependent? a systematic review. Psycho-Oncology, 18, 459–464.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leon-Pizarro, C., Gich, I., Barthe, E., Rovirosa, A., Farrus, B., Casas, F., Verger, E., Biete, A., Craven-Bartle, J., Sierra, J., & Arcusa, A. (2007). A randomized trial of the effect of training in relaxation and guided imagery techniques in improving psychological and quality-of-life indices for gynecologic and breast brachytherapy patients. Psycho-Oncology, 16, 971–979.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leubbert, K., Dahme, B., & Hasenbring, M. (2001). The effectiveness of relaxation training in reducing treatment-related symptoms and improving emotional adjustment in acute non-surgical cancer treatment: A meta-analytical review. Psycho-Oncology, 10, 490–502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levin, T. T., & Alici, Y. (2010). Anxiety disorders. In J. C. Holland, W. S. Breitbart, P. B. Jacobsen, M. S. Ledoux, M. J. Loscalzo, & R. McCorkle (Eds.), Psycho-oncology (pp. 324–331). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, C. C., Lai, Y. L., & Ward, S. E. (2003). Effect of cancer pain on performance status, mood states, and level of hope among Taiwanese cancer patients. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 25, 29–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lovejoy, N. C., & Matteis, M. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral interventions to manage depression in patients with cancer: Research and theoretical initiatives. Cancer Nursing, 20, 155–167.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lovell, M. R., Forder, P. M., Stockler, M. R., Butow, P., Briganti, E. M., Chye, R., Goldstein, D., & Boyle, F. M. (2010). A randomized controlled trial of a standardized educational intervention for patients with cancer pain. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 40, 49–59.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Massie, M. J. (2004). Prevalence of depression in patients with cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs, 32, 57–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mazzocato, C., Stiefel, F., Buclin, T., & Berney, A. (2000). Psychopharmacology in supportive care of cancer: A review for the clinician: II. Neuroleptics. Supportive Care in Cancer, 8, 89–97.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McGuire, D. B. (2004). Occurrence of cancer pain. Journal of the National Cancer Institute Monographs, 32, 51–56.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McQuellon, R. P., Wells, M., Hoffman, S., Craven, B., Russell, G., Cruz, J., Hurt, G., DeChatelet, P., Andrykowski, M. A., & Savage, P. (1998). Reducing distress in cancer patients with an orientation program. Psycho-Oncology, 7, 207–217.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miaskowski, C., Dodd, M., & Lee, K. (2004). Symptom clusters: The new frontier in symptom management research. Journal of the National Cancer Institute Monographs, 32, 17–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Middlecamp Kodl, M., Lee, J. W., Matthews, A. K., Cummings, S. A., & Olopade, O. I. (2006). Correlates of depressive symptoms among women seeking genetic counseling and risk assessment at a high-risk cancer clinic. Journal of Genetic Counseling, 15, 267–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, K., & Massie, M. J. (2006). Depression and anxiety. Cancer Journal, 12, 388–397.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, K., & Massie, M. J. (2010). Depressive disorders. In J. C. Holland (Ed.), Psycho-oncology (pp. 311–318). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Miovic, M., & Block, S. (2007). Psychiatric disorders in advanced cancer. Cancer, 110, 1665–1676.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mitte, K. (2005). A meta-analysis of the efficacy of psycho- and pharmacotherapy in panic disorder with and without agoraphobia. Journal of Affective Disorders, 88, 27–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moorey, S., Cort, E., Kapari, M., Monroe, B., Hansford, P., Mannix, K., Henderson, M., Fisher, L., & Hotopf, M. (2009). A cluster randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for common mental disorders in patients with advanced cancer. Psychological Medicine, 39, 713–723.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Musselman, D. L., Lawson, D. H., Gumnick, J. F., Manatunga, A. K., Penna, S., Goodkin, R. S., Greiner, K., Nemeroff, C. B., & Miller, A. H. (2001). Paroxetine for the prevention of depression induced by high-dose interferon alfa. The New England Journal of Medicine, 344, 961–966.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mystakidou, K., Tsilika, E., Parpa, E., Katsouda, E., Galanos, A., & Vlahos, L. (2006). Psychological distress of patients with advanced cancer: Influence and contribution of pain severity and pain interference. Cancer Nursing, 29, 400–405.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • National Breast Cancer Centre and National Cancer Control Initiative. (2003). Clinical practice guidelines for the psychosocial care of adults with cancer. Camperdown, Australia: National Breast Cancer Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Comprehensive Cancer Network. (2010). NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: Distress management Version 1.2011. Washington: National Comprehensive Cancer Network.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Institute for Clinical Excellence. (2004). Improving supportive and palliative care for adults with cancer. The manual. London: National Institute for Clinical Excellence.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, C. J., Balk, E. M., & Roth, A. J. (2010). Distress, anxiety, depression, and emotional well-being in African-American men with prostate cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 19, 1052–1060.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Newell, S. A., Sanson-Fisher, R. W., & Savolainen, N. J. (2002). Systematic review of psychological therapies for cancer patients: Overview and recommendations for future research. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 94, 558–584.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orr, K., & Taylor, D. (2007). Psychostimulants in the treatment of depression: A review of the evidence. CNS Drugs, 21, 239–257.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orringer, J. S., Fendrick, A. M., Trask, P. C., Bichakjian, C. K., Schwartz, J. L., Wang, T. S., Karimipour, D. J., & Johnson, T. M. (2005). The effects of a professionally produced videotape on education and anxiety/distress levels for patients with newly diagnosed melanoma: A randomized, prospective clinical trial. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 53, 224–229.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Osborn, R. L., Demoncada, A. C., & Feuerstein, M. (2006). Psychosocial interventions for depression, anxiety, and quality of life in cancer survivors: Meta-analyses. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 36, 13–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Padilla, G. V., Ferrell, B., Grant, M. M., & Rhiner, M. (1990). Defining the content domain of quality of life for cancer patients with pain. Cancer Nursing, 13, 108–115.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patrick, D. L., Ferketich, S. L., Frame, P. S., Harris, J. J., Hendricks, C. B., Levin, B., Link, M. P., Lustig, C., McLaughlin, J., Reid, L. D., Turrisi, A. T., III, Unutzer, J., & Vernon, S. W. (2004). National institutes of health state-of-the-science conference Statement: symptom management in cancer: Pain, depression, and fatigue, July 15–17. Journal of the National Cancer Institute Monographs, 2002, 9–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pirl, W. F. (2004). Evidence report on the occurrence, assessment, and treatment of depression in cancer patients. Journal of the National Cancer Institute Monographs, 32, 32–39.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prasertsri, N., Holden, J., Keefe, F. J., & Wilkie, D. J. (2011). Repressive coping style: Relationships with depression, pain, and pain coping strategies in lung cancer out patients. Lung Cancer, 71(2), 235–240.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385–401.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raison, C. L., & Miller, A. H. (2003). Depression in cancer: New developments regarding diagnosis and treatment. Biological Psychiatry, 54, 283–294.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ransom, S., Pearman, T. P., Philip, E., & Anwar, D. (2011). Adult cancer-related pain. In R. J. Moore (Ed.), Handbook of pain and palliative care: Biobehavioral approaches for the life course. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao, M. R., Raghuram, N., Nagendra, H. R., Gopinath, K. S., Srinath, B. S., Diwakar, R. B., Patil, S., Bilimagga, S. R., Rao, N., & Varambally, S. (2009). Anxiolytic effects of a yoga program in early breast cancer patients undergoing conventional treatment: A randomized controlled trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 17, 1–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ravindran, L. N., & Stein, M. B. (2010). The pharmacologic treatment of anxiety disorders: A review of progress. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 71, 839–854.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Redd, W. H., Montgomery, G. H., & DuHamel, K. N. (2001). Behavioral intervention for cancer treatment side effects. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 93, 810–823.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rickels, K., Pollack, M. H., Sheehan, D. V., & Haskins, J. T. (2000). Efficacy of extended-release venlafaxine in nondepressed outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 968–974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rickels, K., Zaninelli, R., McCafferty, J., Bellew, K., Iyengar, M., & Sheehan, D. (2003). Paroxetine treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 749–756.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rodin, G., Lloyd, N., Katz, M., Green, E., Mackay, J. A., & Wong, R. K. (2007). The treatment of depression in cancer patients: A systematic review. Supportive Care in Cancer, 15, 123–136.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roth, A. J., & Massie, M. J. (2007). Anxiety and its management in advanced cancer. Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care, 1, 50–56.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roy-Byrne, P. P., Davidson, K. W., Kessler, R. C., Asmundson, G. J., Goodwin, R. D., Kubzansky, L., Lydiard, R. B., Massie, M. J., Katon, W., Laden, S. K., & Stein, M. B. (2008). Anxiety disorders and comorbid medical illness. General Hospital Psychiatry, 30, 208–225.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Savard, J., Simard, S., Giguere, I., Ivers, H., Morin, C. M., Maunsell, E., Gagnon, P., Robert, J., & Marceau, D. (2006). Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative & Supportive Care, 4, 219–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, L., Lander, M., & Chochinov, H. M. (2002). Current management of depression in cancer patients. Oncology (Williston Park), 16, 1102–1110. discussion 1110, 1105–1114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sellick, S. M., & Crooks, D. L. (1999). Depression and cancer: An appraisal of the literature for prevalence, detection, and practice guideline development for psychological interventions. Psycho-Oncology, 8, 215–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shakin, E. J., & Holland, J. (1988). Depression and pancreatic cancer. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 3, 194–198.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheard, T., & Maguire, P. (1999). The effect of psychological interventions on anxiety and depression in cancer patients: Results of two meta-analyses. British Journal of Cancer, 80, 1770–1780.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simon, S. T., Higginson, I. J., Booth, S., Harding, R., Bausewein, C. (2010). Benzodiazepines for the relief of breathlessness in advanced malignant and non-malignant diseases in adults. Cochrane Database Systemic Reviews, 1, CD007354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sist, T. C., Florio, G. A., Miner, M. F., Lema, M. J., & Zevon, M. A. (1998). The relationship between depression and pain language in cancer and chronic non-cancer pain patients. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 15, 350–358.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, H. S., Datta, S., & Manchikanti, L. (2011). Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of chronic pain. In R. J. Moore (Ed.), Handbook of pain and palliative care: Biobehavioral approaches for the life course. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer, R., Nilsson, M., Wright, A., Pirl, W., & Prigerson, H. (2010). Anxiety disorders in advanced cancer patients: Correlates and predictors of end-of-life outcomes. Cancer, 116, 1810–1819.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spiegel, D., & Bloom, J. R. (1983). Group therapy and hypnosis reduce metastatic breast carcinoma pain. Psychosomatic Medicine, 45, 333–339.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spiegel, D., Sands, S., & Koopman, C. (1994). Pain and depression in patients with cancer. Cancer, 74, 2570–2578.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spielberger, C. D. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stark, D., Kiely, M., Smith, A., Velikova, G., House, A., & Selby, P. (2002). Anxiety disorders in cancer patients: Their nature, associations, and relation to quality of life. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 20, 3137–3148.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stark, D. P. H., & House, A. (2000). Anxiety in cancer patients. British Journal of Cancer, 83, 1261–1267.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, D. J., Zungu-Dirwayi, N., van der Linden, G. J. H., Seedat, S. (2006). Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2006, Issue 1. Art No. CD002795. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephenson, N. L., Swanson, M., Dalton, J., Keefe, F. J., & Engelke, M. (2007). Partner-delivered reflexology: Effects on cancer pain and anxiety. Oncology Nursing Forum, 34, 127–132.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Strang, P., & Qvarner, H. (1990). Cancer-related pain and its influence on quality of life. Anticancer Research, 10, 109–112.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Szucs-Reed, R. P., & Gallagher, R. M. (2011). Chronic pain and opioids. In R. J. Moore (Ed.), Handbook of pain and palliative care: Biobehavioral approaches for the life course. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teunissen, S. C., de Graeff, A., Voest, E. E., & de Haes, J. C. (2007a). Are anxiety and depressed mood related to physical symptom burden? A study in hospitalized advanced cancer patients. Palliative Medicine, 21, 341–346.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teunissen, S. C. C. M., Wesker, W., Kruitwagen, C., de Haes, H. C. J. M., Voest, E. E., & de Graeff, A. (2007b). Symptom prevalence in patients with incurable cancer: A systematic review. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 34, 94–104.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tjemsland, L., Soreide, J. A., & Malt, U. F. (1998). Posttraumatic stress symptoms in operable breast cancer III: Status one year after surgery. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 47, 141–151.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turk, D. C., Sist, T. C., Okifuji, A., Miner, M. F., Florio, G., Harrison, P., Massey, J., Lema, M. L., & Zevon, M. A. (1998). Adaptation to metastatic cancer pain, regional/local cancer pain and non-cancer pain: Role of psychological and behavioral factors. Pain, 74, 247–256.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, J., Zapart, S., Pedersen, K., Rankin, N., Luxford, K., & Fletcher, J. (2005). Clinical practice guidelines for the psychosocial care of adults with cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 14, 159–173.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Uitterhoeve, R. J., Vernooy, M., Litjens, M., Potting, K., Bensing, J., De Mulder, P., & van Achterberg, T. (2004). Psychosocial interventions for patients with advanced cancer – A systematic review of the literature. British Journal of Cancer, 91, 1050–1062.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vahdaninia, M., Omidvari, S., & Montazeri, A. (2010). What do predict anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients? A follow-up study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 45, 355–361.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Valentine, A. D. (2003). Cancer pain and depression: Management of the dual-diagnosed patient. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 7, 262–269.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Balkom, A. J., Bakker, A., Spinhoven, P., Blaauw, B. M., Smeenk, S., & Ruesink, B. (1997). A meta-analysis of the treatment of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia: A comparison of psychopharmacological, cognitive-behavioral, and combination treatments. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 185, 510–516.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van den Beuken-van Everdingen, M. H., de Rijke, J. M., Kessels, A. G., Schouten, H. C., van Kleef, M., & Patijn, J. (2007). Prevalence of pain in patients with cancer: A systematic review of the past 40 years. Annals of Oncology, 18, 1437–1449.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, L. A. (2007). Clinical management of symptom clusters. Seminars in Oncology Nursing, 23, 113–120.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, S., & Dale, J. (2006). The effectiveness of treatment for depression/depressive symptoms in adults with cancer: A systematic review. British Journal of Cancer, 94, 372–390.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, K. G., Chochinov, H. M., Allard, P., Chary, S., Gagnon, P. R., Macmillan, K., De Luca, M., O’Shea, F., Kuhl, D., & Fainsinger, R. L. (2009). Prevalence and correlates of pain in the Canadian National Palliative Care Survey. Pain Research & Management, 14, 365–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, K. G., Chochinov, H. M., Skirko, M. G., Allard, P., Chary, S., Gagnon, P. R., Macmillan, K., De Luca, M., O’Shea, F., Kuhl, D., Fainsinger, R. L., & Clinch, J. J. (2007). Depression and anxiety disorders in palliative cancer care. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 33, 118–129.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wurzman, R., Jonas, W., & Giordano, J. (2008). Chronic pain and depression: A spectrum disorder? The Pain Practitioner, 18(2), 48–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yates, P., Edwards, H., Nash, R., Aranda, S., Purdie, D., Najman, J., Skerman, H., & Walsh, A. (2004). A randomized controlled trial of a nurse-administered educational intervention for improving cancer pain management in ambulatory settings. Patient Education and Counseling, 53, 227–237.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67, 361–370.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, L., Story, K. T., Gaston-Johansson, F., & Rowles, J. R. (1996). Psychological variables and cancer pain. Cancer Nursing, 19, 44–53.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA

    Kristine A. Donovan PhD, MBA, Lora M. A. Thompson PhD & Paul B. Jacobsen PhD

  2. Psychosocial and Palliative Care Department, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA

    Kristine A. Donovan PhD, MBA & Lora M. A. Thompson PhD

  3. Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

    Paul B. Jacobsen PhD

Authors
  1. Kristine A. Donovan PhD, MBA
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lora M. A. Thompson PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Paul B. Jacobsen PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kristine A. Donovan PhD, MBA .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA

    Rhonda J. Moore

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Donovan, K.A., Thompson, L.M.A., Jacobsen, P.B. (2013). Pain, Depression, and Anxiety in Cancer. In: Moore, R.J. (eds) Handbook of Pain and Palliative Care. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1651-8_33

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1651-8_33

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-1650-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-1651-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation