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Sleep, Circadian Rhythms and Metabolism

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Metabolic Basis of Obesity

Abstract

Obesity and cardiometabolic disease are closely linked disorders that have recently accelerated throughout the industrialized world, coincident with more sedentary lifestyle and poor nutrition; however a complete understanding of the environmental precipitants underlying metabolic disease remains obscure. Mounting evidence from epidemiological studies has pointed towards a novel yet less appreciated factor that correlates with the recent expansion of these epidemics, namely, the introduction of artificial light and work at night-time, in addition to the rise in sleep curtailment. At the physiological level, it has been well-documented that many processes, including glucose and lipid metabolism, body temperature, and corticosterone production vary in a circadian fashion; moreover, there is an established temporal variation to health catastrophes such as myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, and hypertensive crises. Over the past decade, major advances have emerged in our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms linking circadian rhythms, sleep, and metabolism, primarily through studies in experimental genetic models that became available following the landmark discovery of the first mammalian circadian clock gene Clock in 1997 [1, 2].

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Acknowledgements

We thank members of the Bass, Takahashi, Turek, and Allada laboratories for helpful discussions, and especially M. Flourakis for his help with the figures. This work was supported by grants from Alfediam to E.M.; NIDDK (T32 DK007169) to K.M.R.; NIH (PO1 AG011412 and R01HL097817-01), ADA, Chicago Biomedical Consortium Searle Funds, and JDRF to J.B., and the University of Chicago DRTC (P60 DK020595).

Disclosures

J.B. is a member of the scientific advisory board of a cofounder of ReSet Therapeutics Inc. J.B. is also an advisor and receives support from Amylin Pharmaceuticals.

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  1. Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 2200 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, USA

    Joseph Bass

  2. Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, 2200 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, USA

    Joseph Bass

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  1. Eleonore Maury
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  2. Kathryn Moynihan Ramsey
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  1. School of Medicine, Div. Endocrinology, Diabetes, &, University of Pennsylvania, Curie Blvd. 415, Philadelphia, 19104, Pennsylvania, USA

    Rexford S. Ahima

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Maury, E., Ramsey, K.M., Bass, J. (2011). Sleep, Circadian Rhythms and Metabolism. In: Ahima, R. (eds) Metabolic Basis of Obesity. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1607-5_13

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