Abstract
The field of nanodielectrics has had a significant impact on voltage endurance characteristics of electrical insulation. Improved time-to-breakdown behavior, resulting in reduced aging of insulation, and enhanced thermal stability are of considerable importance in industrial applications. This chapter discusses several specific aspects of nanodielectrics and their role in the future of electrical insulation and dielectric sciences.
This submission was sponsored by a contractor of the United States Government under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the United States Department of Energy. The United States Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting this submission for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains, a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this submission, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Alapati S, Thomas MJ (2008) Electrical treeing in polymer nanocomposites. Fifteenth National Power Systems Conference (NPSC), IIT Bombay, pp 351–355
Althues H, Henle J, Kaskel S (2007) Functional inorganic nanofillers for transparent polymers. Chem Soc Rev 36:1454–1465
An L, Pan YZ, Shen XW et al (2008) Rod-like attapulgite/polyimide nanocomposites with simultaneously improved strength, toughness, thermal stability and related mechanisms. J Mater Chem 18(41):4928–4941
Benedetto A, Viel P, Noel S et al (2007) Carbon nanotubes/fluorinated polymers nanocomposite thin films for electrical contacts lubrication. Surf Sci 601(18):3687–3692
Berberich LJ, Dakin TW (1956) Guiding principles in the thermal evaluation of electrical insulation, power apparatus and systems, Part III. Trans Am Inst Electr Eng 75(3):752–761
Cao Y, Irwin PC (2003) The electrical conduction in polyimide nanocomposites. Conf on Elect Ins and Diel Phen, 116–119
Cao Y, Irwin PC, Younsi KY (2004) The future of nanodielectrics in the electrical power industry. Trans IEEE DEI-11(5):797–807
Ciebien JF, Clay RT, Sohn BH et al (1998) Brief review of metal nanoclusters in block copolymer films. New J Chem 22:685–691
Dakin TW (1978) High voltage insulation applications. Trans IEEE E1-13(4):318–326
Dale SJ, Wolf SM, Schneider TR (eds) (1990a) Energy applications on high-temperature superconductivity, vol 1. US Dept Energy and EPRI
Dale SJ, Wolf SM, Schneider TR (eds) (1990b) Energy applications on high-temperature superconductivity, vol 2. US Dept Energy and EPRI
Dang ZM, Lin YQ, Xu HP et al (2008) Fabrication and dielectric characterization of advanced BaTiO3/polyimide nanocomposite films with high thermal stability. Adv Funct Mater 18(10):1509–1517
Ding H-Z, Varlow BR (2004) Effect of nano-fillers on electrical treeing in epoxy resin subjected to AC voltage. Conf on Electr Insul and Dielectr Phen: 332–335
Feenstra J, Sodano HA (2008) Enhanced active piezoelectric 0-3 nanocomposites fabricated through electrospun nanowires. J Appl Phys 103(12):124108
Forsyth EB (1993) The aging of electrical insulation at cryogenic temperatures. Trans IEEE EI-28(5):845–854
Fothergill JC, Nelson JK, Fu M (2004) Dielectric properties of epoxy nanocomposites containing TiO2, Al2O3 and ZnO fillers. Conf on Elect Ins and Diel Phen: 406–409
Frormann L, Iqbal A, Abdullah SA (2008) Thermo-viscoelastic behavior of PCNF-filled polypropylene nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 107(4):2695–2703
Fukushima Y, Inagaki S J (1987) Synthesis of an intercalated compound of montmorillonite and 6-polyamide. J Inclusion Phenom 5:473–482
Gerhold J (1998) Properties of cryogenic insulants. Cryogenics 38:1063–1081
Gerhold J (2002) Cryogenic liquids – A prospective insulation basis for future power equipment. Trans IEEE DEI-9(1):68–75
Gerhold J, Tanaka T (1998) Cryogenic electrical insulation of superconducting power transmission lines: transfer of experience learned from metal superconductors to high critical temperature superconductors. Cryogenics 38:1173–1188
Gornicka B, Czolowska B, Mazurek B et al (2007) Varnishes modified with nanoparticles for use in electrical insulation. Polimery 52(5):367–370
Hayakawa N, Okubo H (2008) Lifetime characteristics of nanocomposite enameled wire under surge voltage application. IEEE Electr Insul Mag 24(2):22–27
Hong JI, Schadler LS, Siegel RW et al (2003) Rescaled electrical properties of ZnO/low density polyethylene nanocomposites. Appl Phys Lett 82(12):1956–1958
Huang XY, Jiang PK, Kim CN, Ke QQ (2007) Polymer nanocomposite dielectrics. Prog Chem 19(11):1776–1782
Huang XY, Jiang PK, Kim CN et al (2008) Preparation, microstructure and properties of polyethylene aluminum nanocomposite dielectrics. Compos Sci Technol 68(9):2134–2140
Huang C, Zhang QM, Li JY et al (2005) Colossal dielectric and electromechanical responses in self-assembled polymeric nanocomposites. Appl Phys Lett 87(18):182901
Imai T, Sawa F, Nakano T et al (2006) Effects of nano- and micro-filler mixture on electrical insulation properties of epoxy based composites. Trans IEEE DEI-13(2):319–326
Imai T, Sawa F, Nakano T et al (2005) Insulation properties of nano- and micro-filler mixture composite. Conf on Elect Ins and Diel Phen: 171–174
James DR, Sauers I (2004) Electrical insulation materials for superconducting coil applications. IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, vol 2, pp 2062–2064
Jiang MJ, Dang ZM, Xu HP (2007) Enhanced electrical conductivity in chemically modified carbon nanotube/methylvinyl silicone rubber nanocomposite. Eur Polym J 43(12):4924–4930
Jiaqi L, Caixia L, Zhiba Z et al (2006) Electroluminescence in both original and nanoparticle doped polyimide films. 8th International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, pp 175–178
Kim P, Jones SC, Hotchkiss PJ et al (2007a) Phosphonic acid-modified barium titanate polymer nanocomposites with high permittivity and dielectric strength. Adv Mater 19(7):1001–1005
Kim CH, Lim HO, Chung I et al (2007b) Actuation behavior of waterborne polyurethane/ conductive filler nanocomposite electrode. Compos Interfaces 14(5–6):477–491
Kojima Y, Usuki A, Kawasumi M et al (1993) Mechanical-properties of nylon-6 clay hybrid. J Mater Res 8:1185–1189
Kojima Y, Usuki A, Kawasumi M et al (1993) Synthesis of nylon 6-clay hybrid by montmorillonite intercalated with caprolactam. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 31(4):983–986
Koo JH (2006) Polymer nanocomposites: processing, characterization and applications. McGraw-Hill, New York
Kozako M, Fuse N, Ohki Y et al (2004) Surface degradation of polyamide nanocomposites caused by partial discharges using IEC(b) electrodes. Trans IEEE DEI-11(5):833–839
Kozako M, Kuge S, Imai T et al (2005) Surface erosion due to partial discharges on several kinds of epoxy nanocomposites. Conf on Elect Insul and Diel Phen: 162–165
Kruisa FE, Fissana H, Peleda A (1998) Synthesis of nanoparticles in the gas phase for electronic, optical and magnetic applications – A review. J Aerosol Sci 29(5–6):511–535
Lee DY, Kim KJ, Heo S et al (2006), Nakamura T, Yamashita K, Neo M (eds) Application of an equivalent circuit model for ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) bending actuator loaded with multiwalled carbon nanotube (M-CNT). Key Eng Mater Bioceramics 309–311:593–596
Lewis TJ (1994) Nanometric dielectrics. Trans IEEE DEI-1:812–825
Lewis TJ (2006) Nano-composite dielectrics: the dielectric nature of the nanoparticle environment. IEEJ Trans Fundam Mater 126(11):1020–1030
Li C, Tang AB, Zou YB et al (2005a) Preparation and dielectric properties of polyarylene ether nitriles/TiO2 nanocomposite film. Mater Lett 59(1):59–63
Li L, Takahashi A, Hao JJ et al (2005b) Novel polymer-ceramic nanocomposite based on new concepts for embedded capacitor application (I). Trans IEEE CPT-28(4):754–759
Li JY, Zhang L, Ducharme S (2007) Electric energy density of dielectric nanocomposites. Appl Phys Lett 90(13):132901
Lu SG, Li BR, Mak CL et al (2004) Preparation, properties and application prospects of ferroelectric nanomaterials. J Inorg Mater 19(6):1231–1239
Ma D, Hugener T, Siegel RW et al (2005a) Influence of nanoparticle surface modification on the electrical behavior of polyethylene nanocomposites. Nanotechnology 16:724–731
Ma D, Akpalu YA, Li Y et al (2005b) Effect of titania nanoparticles on the morphology of low density polyethylene. J Polym Sci B Polym Phys 43(5):463–533
Masayuki N (2004) Cryogenic electrical insulation and its advantage. IEEJ Trans Fundam Mater 124(9):759–762
Moreschi LF, Rossi P, Agostini M et al (2003) Full scale electrical insulation coating development. 22nd symposium on fusion technology fusion engineering and design, vol 69, no 1–4, pp 303–307
Nakamura Y, Inano H, Hiroshima S et al (2008) Partial discharge resistant aging mechanism of nanocomposite enamel wires under repetitive surge voltage condition. Conf on Elect Insul and Diel Phen: 375–378
Nelson JK, Fothergill JC (2004) Internal charge behaviour of nanocomposites. Nanotechnology 15:586–595
Oh J, Kozlov ME, Kim BG et al (2008) Preparation and electrochemical characterization of porous SWNT-PPy nanocomposite sheets for supercapacitor applications. Synth Met 158(15):638–64
Okubo H, Hayakawa N, Montanari GC (2007a) Technical development on partial discharge measurement and electrical insulation techniques for low voltage motors driven by voltage inverters. Trans IEEE DEI-14(6):1516–1530
Okubo H, Nakamura Y, Inano H et al (2007b) Lifetime characteristics of nanocomposite enameled wire under surge voltage application. Conf on Elect Ins and Diel Phen: 13–16
Panwar V, Mehra RM (2008) Study of electrical and dielectric properties of styrene-acrylonitrile/graphite sheets composites. Eur Polym J 44(7):2367–2375
Ramirez I, Jayaram S, Cherney EA et al (2009) Erosion resistance and mechanical properties of silicone nanocomposite insulation. Trans IEEE DEI-16(1):52–59
Paquette JW, Kim KJ, Nam JD et al (2003) An equivalent circuit model for ionic polymer-metal composites and their performance improvement by a clay-based polymer nanocomposite technique. J Intell Mater Syst Struct 14(10):633–642
Reddy CC, Ramu TS (2008) Polymer nanocomposites as insulation for HVDC cables – Investigations on the thermal breakdown. Trans IEEE DEI-15(1):221–227
Roy M, Nelson JK, MacCrone RK et al (2007) Candidate mechanisms controlling the electrical characteristics of silica/XLPE nanodielectrics. J Mater Sci 42(11):3789–3799
Roy M, Nelson JK, MacCrone RK et al (2005) Polymer nanocomposite dielectrics – The role of the interface. Trans IEEE DEI-12(4):629–643
Saeed MB, Zhan MS (2006) Adhesive and mechanical properties of nanoparticle filled thermoplastic polyimide dielectric films for microelectronics packaging. Int Conf Emerging Techn ICET ’06: 342–347
Sauers I, James DR, Ellis AR et al (2004) High voltage studies of dielectric materials for HTS power equipment. Trans IEEE DEI-9(6):922–931
Schneider TR (1991) Energy applications of superconductivity. Annu Rev Energy Environ 16:533–555
Schwenterly SW, McConnell BW, Demko JA et al (1999) Performance of a 1-MVA HTS demonstration transformer. Trans IEEE AS-9(2):680–684
Schwenterly SW, Mehta SP, Walker MS et al (2002) Development of HTS power transformers for the 21st century: Waukesha Electric Systems/IGC-SuperPower/RG&E/ORNL SPI collaboration. Physica C 382(1):1–6
Simoes R, Silva J, Vaia R et al (2009) Low percolation transitions in carbon nanotube networks dispersed in a polymer matrix: dielectric properties, simulations and experiments. Nanotechnology 20(3):035703
Shi JL, Hua ZL, Zhang LX (2004) Nanocomposites from ordered mesoporous materials. J Mater Chem 14:795–806
Smith RC, Liang C, Landry M et al (2008) The mechanisms leading to the useful electrical properties of polymer nanodielectrics. Trans IEEE DEI-15(1):187–196
Srivastava NK, Mehra RM (2008) Study of structural, electrical, and dielectric properties of polystyrene/foliated graphite nanocomposite developed via in situ polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 109(6):3991–3999
Tagami N, Okada M, Hirai N et al (2008) Dielectric properties of epoxy/clay nanocomposites – Effects of curing agent and cay dispersion method. Trans IEEE DEI-15(1):24–32
Takala M, Karttunen M, Pelto J et al (2008a) Thermal, mechanical and dielectric properties of nanostructured epoxy-polyhedral oli-gomeric silsesquioxane composites. Trans IEEE DEI-15(5):1224–1235
Takala M, Karttunen M, Salovaara, P et al (2008b) Dielectric properties of nanostructured polypropylene-polyhedral oligomeric silsesqui-oxane compounds. Trans IEEE DEI-15(1):40–51
Takezawa Y, Akatsuka M, Farren C (2003) High thermal conductive epoxy resins with controlled high order structure. Proceedings of the 7th international conference on properties and applications of dielectric materials, vol 3, pp 1146–1149
Tan Q, Irwin P, Cao Y (2006) Advanced dielectrics for capacitors. IEEJ Trans Fundam Mater 126(11):1153–1159
Tanaka T, Matsuo Y, Uchida K (2008a) Partial discharge endurance of Epoxy/SiC nanocomposite. Conf on Elect Ins and Diel Phen, pp 13–16
Tanaka T, Ohki Y, Ochi M et al (2008b) Enhanced partial discharge resistance of epoxy/clay nanocomposite prepared by newly developed organic modification and solubilization methods. Trans IEEE DEI-15(1):81–89
Tomer V, Randall CA (2008) High field dielectric properties of anisotropic polymer-ceramic composites. J Appl Phys 104(7):074106
Tuncer E, Gubanski SM (2000) Electrical properties of silicone rubber. J Phys Condens Matter 12(8):1873–1897
Tuncer E, Sauers I, James DR et al (2007a) Electrical properties of epoxy resin based nanocomposites. Nanotechnology 18(2):025703
Tuncer E, Rondinone AJ, Woodward J et al (2009) Cobalt iron-oxide nanoparticle modified poly(methyl methacrylate) nanodielectrics. Appl Phys A 94(4):843–852
Tuncer E, Sauers I, James DR et al (2007b) Enhancement of dielectric strength in nanocomposites. Nanotechnology 18(32):325704
Tuncer E, Sauers I, James DR et al (2008) Nanodielectric system for cryogenic applications: barium titanate filled polyvinyl alcohol. Trans IEEE DEI-15(1):236–242
Ul Haq S, Jayaram SH, Cherney EA (2007a) Evaluation of medium voltage enameled wire exposed to fast repetitive voltage pulses. Trans IEEE DEI-14(1):194–203
Ul Haq S, Jayaram SH, Cherney EA (2007b) Performance of nanofillers in medium voltage magnet wire insulation under high frequency applications. Trans IEEE DEI-14(2):417–426
Usuki A, Koiwai A, Kojima Y et al (1995) Interaction of nylon-6 clay surface and mechanical-properties of nylon-6 clay hybrid. J Appl Polym Sci 55:119–123
Usuki A, Kojima Y, Kawasumi M et al (1993a) Synthesis of nylon-6 clay hybrid. J Mater Res 8:1179–1184
Usuki A, Kawasumi M, Kojima Y et al (1993b) Swelling behavior of montmorillonite cation exchanged for ω-amino acids by ε-caprolactam. J Mater Res 8(5):1174–1178
Wang JW, Wang Y, Wang F et al (2009) A large enhancement in dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) based all-organic nanocomposite. Polymer 50(2):679–684
Wang CC, Song JF, Bao HM et al (2008) Enhancement of electrical properties of ferroelectric polymers by polyaniline nanofibers with controllable conductivities. Adv Funct Mater 18(8):1299–1306
Weber CS, Reis CT, Hazelton DW et al (2005) Design and operational testing of a 5/10-MVA HTS utility power transformer. Trans IEEE AS-15(2):2210–2213
Winey KI, Vaia RA (2007) Polymer nanocomposites. MRS Bull 32:315–319
Xie W, Xie R, Pan WP et al (2002) Thermal stability of quaternary phosphonium modified montmorillonite. Chem Mater 14(11):4837–4845
Xiong J, Liu Y, Yang X et al (2004) Thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethane/ montmorillonite nanocomposites based on a novel reactive modifier. Polym Degrad Stab 86(3):549–555
Xiong J, Zheng Z, Jiang H et al (2007) Reinforcement of polyurethane composites with an organically modified montmorillonite. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf 38(1):132–137
Zhang MY, Zeng SJ, Dong TQ et al (2007) Synthesis and characterization of polyimide/silica nanocomposite films. IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectrics ICSD’07, pp 357–359
Zhou H, Fan Y, Lei Q (2006) Synthesis and characterization of corona-resistant polyimide/alumina hybrid films. 8th international conference on properties and applications of dielectric materials, pp 736–738
Acknowledgment
The valuable assistance of Mrs. Julia Wignall is highly appreciated in preparation of this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tuncer, E., Sauers, I. (2010). Industrial Applications Perspective of Nanodielectrics. In: Nelson, J. (eds) Dielectric Polymer Nanocomposites. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1591-7_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1591-7_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-1590-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-1591-7
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)