Skip to main content

Health Economics and Cancer Survivorship

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Health Services for Cancer Survivors

Abstract

In this chapter, we review both the methodology of economic evaluation and evidence from the literature to advance the understanding of the role of economic considerations in evaluating health care in general and program options to improve the quality of cancer survivorship. Some might say that it is imperative to consider the economics because the scarcity of resources obliges individuals, organizations, and societies to select only a small subset of all health-care intervention and program possibilities. Essentially, economic analysis provides invaluable information for short- and long-run policy decision making at the national and local levels, for cancer survivors and their families, for insurers and health-care providers, for employers, and for society as a whole.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Drummond M, Sculpher M, Torrance GW, O’Brien BJ, Stoddart GL. Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Culyer AJ. The normative economics of health care finance and provision. In: McGuire A, Fenn P, Mayhew K, editors. Providing health care: the economics of alternative systems of finance and delivery. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1991. p. 65–98.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Gold MR, Siegel JE, Russell LB, Weinstein MC. Cost-effectiveness in health and medicine. New York: Oxford University Press; 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Fiore K. Global burden of cancer is increasing [document on the Internet]. Medpage Today. December 10, 2008 [cited 2010 Mar 3]. Available from: http://www.medpagetoday.com/HematologyOncology/OtherCancers/12094.

  5. Mariotto AB, Yabroff KR, Shao Y, Feuer EJ, Brown ML. Projections of the cost of cancer care in the U.S.: 2010–2020. 2011; JNCI 103(2):117–128.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Kamangar F, Dores GM, Anderson WF. Patterns of cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence across five continents: defining priorities to reduce cancer disparities in different geographic regions of the world. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(14):2137–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Edwards BK, Howe HL, Ries LA, Thun MJ, Rosenberg HM, Yancik R, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1973-1999, featuring implications of age and aging on U.S. cancer burden. Cancer. 2002;94:2766–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Ries LAG, Melbert D, Krapcho M, Stinchcomb DG, Howlader N, Horner MJ, et al., editors. SEER cancer statistic review, 1975–2005. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Mariotto AB, Yabroff KR, Feuer EJ, De Angelis R, Brown M. Projecting the number of patients with colorectal carcinoma by phases of care in the US: 2000–2020. Cancer Causes Control. 2006;17:1215–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. National Cancer Institute. Cancer trends progress report. [document on the Internet]. 2007 [cited 2010 Jul 19]. Available from: http://progressreport.cancer.gov/2007/.

  11. Koopmanschap MA, van Roijen L, Bonneux L, Barendregt JJ. Current and future costs of cancer. Eur J Cancer. 1994;30A:60–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Riley GF, Potosky AL, Lubitz JD, Kessler LG. Medicare payments from diagnosis to death for elderly cancer patients by stage and diagnosis. Med Care. 1995;33:828–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Taplin SH, Barlow W, Urban N, Mandelson MT, Timlin DJ, Ichikawa L, et al. Stage, age, comorbidity, and direct costs of colon, prostate, and breast cancer care. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995;87:417–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Fireman BH, Quesenberry CP, Somkin CP, Jacobson AS, Baer D, West D, et al. Cost of care for cancer in a health maintenance organization. Health Care Financ Rev. 1997;18:51–76.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Yabroff KR, Lamont EB, Mariotto A, Warren JL, Topor M, Meekins A, et al. Cost of care for elderly cancer patients in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100:630–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Rice DP, Hodgson TA. Social and economic implications of cancer in the United States: vital and health statistics. DHHS publication no. PHS81-1404. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1981. Vol. 3, No. 20.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Max W, Rice DP, Sung H-Y, Michel M, Breuer W, Zhang X. The economic burden of prostate cancer, California, 1998. Cancer. 2002;94:2906–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Max W, Rice DP, Sung H-Y, Michel M, Breuer W, Zhang X. The economic burden of gynecologic cancers in California, 1998. Gynecol Oncol. 2003;88:96–103.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Lidgren M, Wilking N, Jonnson B. Cost of breast cancer in Sweden in 2002. Eur J Health Econ. 2007;8:5–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Bradley CJ, Yabroff KR, Dahman B, Feuer EJ, Mariotto A, Brown ML. Productivity costs of cancer mortality in the United States: 2000-2020. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100(24):1763–70.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Yabroff KR, Bradley CJ, Mariotto AB, Brown ML, Feuer EJ. Estimates and projections of value of life lost from cancer deaths in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100(24):1755–62.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Brown ML, Yabroff KR. Economic impact of cancer in the United States. In: Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni JF, editors. Cancer epidemiology and prevention. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2004. p. 202–16.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Yabroff KR, Davis WW, Lamont EB, Fahey A, Topor M, Brown ML, et al. Patient time costs associated with cancer care. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007;99:14–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Hayman JA, Langa KM, Kabeto MU, Katz SH, DeMonner SM, Chernew ME, et al. Estimating the cost of informal caregiving for elderly patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:3219–25.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Yabroff KR, Kim Y. Time costs associated with informal caregiving for cancer survivors. Cancer. 2009;115(18 Suppl):4362–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Yabroff KR, Warren JL, Knopf K, Davis WW, Brown ML. Estimating patient time costs associated with colorectal cancer care. Med Care. 2005;43:640–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Economist Intelligence Unit. Breakaway: the global burden of cancer-challenges and opportunities [document on the Internet]. 2009 [cited 2010 Apr 1]. Available from: http://graphics.eiu.com/marketing/pdf/EIU_LIVESTRONG_Global_Cancer_Burden.pdf.

  28. Warren JL, Yabroff KR, Meekins A, Topor M, Lamont EB, Brown ML. Evaluation of trends in the cost of initial cancer treatment. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100:888–97.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Etzioni R, Ramsey SD, Berry K, Brown M. The impact of including future medical care costs when estimating the costs attributable to disease: a colorectal cancer case study. Health Econ. 2001;10:245–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Jansman FG, Postma MJ, Brouwers JR. Cost considerations in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Pharmacoeconomics. 2007;25(7):537–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Schrag D. The price tag on progress–chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(4):317–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Evers S, Goossens M, de Vet HC, van Tulder M, Ament A. Criteria list for assessment of methodological quality of economic evaluations: consensus on health economic criteria. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2005;21(2):240–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Culyer AJ, Sculpher M. Chapter 4: Lessons from health technology assessment. In: Tompa E, Culyer AJ, Dolinschi R, editors. Economic evaluation of interventions for occupational health and safety: developing good practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2008. p. 51–70.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Lilienfeld DE, Stolley PD. Foundations of epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press; 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Rothman KJ, Greenland S. Modern epidemiology. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Shadish WR, Cook TD, Campbell DT. Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Boston: Houghton Mifflin; 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Hoch J, Dewa C. Chapter 9: Kind of analysis and decision rule. In: Tompa E, Culyer AJ, Dolinschi R, editors. Economic evaluation of interventions for occupational health and safety: developing good practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2008. p. 147–64.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Culyer AJ, Tompa E. Chapter 13: Equity. In: Tompa E, Culyer AJ, Dolinschi R, editors. Economic evaluation of interventions for occupational health and safety: developing good practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Wailoo A, Tsuchiya A, McCabe C. Weighting must weight: Incorporating equity concerns into cost-effectiveness analysis may take longer than expected. Pharmacoeconomics. 2009;27(12):983–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Greenberg D, Earle C, Fang CH, Eldar-Lissai A, Neumann PJ. When is cancer care cost-effective? A systematic overview of cost-utility analyses in oncology. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2010;102(2):82–8.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Tappenden P, Chilcott J, Brennan A, Pilgrim H. Systematic review of economic evidence for the detection, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of colorectal cancer in the United Kingdom. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2009;25(4):470–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Koperna T, Semmler D. Innovative chemotherapies for stage III colon cancer: a cost-effectiveness study. Hepatogastroenterology. 2003;50(54):1903–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Dahlberg M, Stenborg A, Pahlman L, Glimelius B. Cost-effectiveness of preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer: results from the Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2002;54(3):654–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. National Cancer Institute. Cancer intervention and surveillance modeling network [homepage on the Internet]. [cited 2010 Feb 8]. Available from: http://cisnet.cancer.gov/ .

  45. Hewitt M, Greenfield S, Stovall E, editors. From cancer patient to cancer survivor, Lost in transition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  46. DeLisa JA. A history of cancer rehabilitation. Cancer. 2001;92(4 Suppl):970–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Stanton AL, Ganz PA, Kwan L, Meyerowitz BE, Bower JE, Krupnick JL, et al. Outcomes from the Moving Beyond Cancer psychoeducational, randomized, controlled trial with breast cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(25):6009–18.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Morey MC, Snyder DC, Sloane R, Cohen HJ, Peterson B, Hartman TJ, et al. Effects of home-based diet and exercise on functional outcomes among older, overweight long-term cancer survivors: RENEW. JAMA. 2009;301:1883–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Inglis SC, Pearson S, Treen S, Gallasch T, Horowitz JD, Stewart S. Extending the horizon in heart failure: effects of multi-disciplinary, home-based intervention relative to usual care. Circulation. 2006;114:2466–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Dennis D, Houston-Miller N, Schwartz RG, Ahn DK, Kraemer HC, Gossard D, et al. Early return to work after uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Results of a randomized trial. JAMA. 1998;260(2):214–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Mandelblatt JS, Cullen J, Lawrence WF, Stanton AL, Yi B, Kwan L, et al. Economic evaluation alongside a clinical trial of psycho-educational interventions to improve adjustment to survivorship among patients with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(10):1684–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Starling N, Tilden D, White J, Cunningham D. Cost-effectiveness analysis of cetuximab/irinotecan vs active/best supportive care for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer patients who have failed previous chemotherapy treatment. Br J Cancer. 2007;96(2):206–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. World population ageing: 1950-2050 [document on the Internet]. The Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations. 2009 [cited 2010 Mar 3]. Available at: http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/worldageing19502050/ .

  54. Yabroff KR, Mariotto AB, Feuer E, Brown ML. Projections of the costs associated with colorectal cancer care in the United States, 2000-2020. Health Econ. 2008;17(8):947–59.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Breen N, Wagener DK, Brown ML, Davis WW, Ballard-Barbash R. Progress in cancer screening over a decade: results of cancer screening from the 1987, 1992, and 1998 national health interview surveys. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001;93:1704–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Kogevinas M, Porta M. Socioeconomic differences in cancer survival: a review of the evidence. IARC Sci Publ. 1997;138:177–206.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Faggiano F, Partanen T, Kogevinas M, Boffetta P. Socioeconomic differences in cancer incidence and mortality. In: Kogevinas M, Pearce N, Susser M, Boffetta P, editors. Social inequalities and cancer. IARC Sci Publ. 1997;138:65–176.

    Google Scholar 

  58. DeNavas-Walt C, Proctor BD, Smith JC. Income, poverty, and health insurance coverage in the United States: 2008 [document on the Internet]. US Census Bureau: Current Population Reports. 2009 [cited 2010 Mar 3]. Available from: https://www.census.gov/prod/2009pubs/p60-236.pdf.

  59. Banthin JS, Bernard DM. Changes in financial burdens for health care: national estimates for the population younger than 65 years, 1996 to 2003. JAMA. 2006;296:2712–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Halpern MT, Ward EM, Pavluck AL, Schrag NM, Bian J, Chen AY. Association of insurance status and ethnicity with cancer stage at diagnosis for 12 cancer sites: a retrospective analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9:222–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Lund JL, Yabroff KR, Ibuka Y, Russell LB, Barnett PG, Lipscomb J, et al. Inventory of data sources for estimating health care costs in the United States. Med Care. 2009;47:S127–42.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Meerding WJ, Bonneux L, Polder JJ, Koopmanschap MA, van der Maas PJ. Demographic and epidemiological determinants of healthcare costs in Netherlands: cost of illness study. BMJ. 1988;317:111–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Howard DH, Molinari N-A, Thorpe KE. National estimates of medical costs incurred by nonelderly cancer patients. Cancer. 2004;100:883–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Kim SG, Hahm MI, Choi KS, Seung NY, Shin HR, Park EC. The economic burden of cancer in Korea in 2002. Eur J Cancer Care. 2008;17:136–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Langa KM, Fendrick AM, Chernew ME, Kabeto MU, Paisley KL, Hayman JA. Out-of-pocket health care expenditures among older Americans with cancer. Value Health. 2004;7:186–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Thorpe KE, Howard D. Health insurance and spending among cancer patients. Health Aff (Web exclusive). 2003;W3:189–98.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Seifert RW, Rukavina M. Bankruptcy is the tip of a medical-debt iceberg. Health Affairs. 2006;25:w89–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Cunningham PJ. Trade-offs getting tougher: problems paying medical bills increase for U.S. families, 2003–2007. Track Report. 2008;21:1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Himmelstein DU, Thorne D, Warren E, Woolhandler S. Medical bankruptcy in the United States, 2007: results of a national study. Am J Med. 2009;122:741–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Himmelstein DU, Warren E, Thorne D, Woolhandler S. Illness and injury as contributors to bankruptcy. Health Affairs. 2005;24:w63–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Schwartz K, Claxton G, Martin K, Schmidt C. Spending to survive: cancer patients confront holes in the health insurance system [document on the Internet]. Kaiser Family Foundation and American Cancer Society (#7934). 2009 [cited 2010 Mar 3]. Available from: http://www.kff.org/insurance/7851.cfm.

  72. Schwartz K, Martin K, Finan S. Patients under pressure: profiles of how families affected by cancer are faring in the recession [document on the Internet]. Kaiser Family Foundation and American Cancer Society (#7934). 2009 [cited 2010 Mar 3]. Available from: http://www.kff.org/insurance/7934.cfm .

  73. Bach PB. Limits on Medicare’s ability to control rising spending on cancer drugs. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(6):626–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. American Cancer Society. Monoclonal antibodies [document on the Internet]. 2009 [cited 2009 Dec 02]. Available from: http://www.cancer.org/docroot/ETO/content/ETO_1_4X_Monoclonal_Antibody_Therapy_Passive_Immunotherapy.asp?sitearea=ETO .

  75. Kolata G. Costly cancer drug offers hope, but also a dilemma. The New York Times. 2008 July 6.

    Google Scholar 

  76. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. NICE guidance on bortezomib (velcade) is a win-win solution for multiple myeloma patients and the NHs. Press release [document on the Internet]. 2007 [cited 2010 Mar 3]. Available from: http://www.nice.org.uk/media/eB7/14/2007056BortezomibformultiplemyelomaAppv2.pdf .

  77. Gaskin DJ, Kong J, Meropol NJ, Yabroff KR, Weaver C, Schulman KA. Treatment choices by seriously ill patients: the Health Stock Risk Adjustment model. Med Decis Making. 1998;18(1):84–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Pirker R, Pereira JR, Szczesna A, von Pawel J, Krzakowski M, Ramlau R, et al. Cetuximab plus chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (FLEX): an open-label randomised phase III trial. Lancet. 2009;373(9674):1525–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Karapetis CS, Khambata-Ford S, Jonker DJ, O’Callaghan CJ, Tu D, Tebbutt NC, et al. K-ras mutations and benefit from cetuximab in advanced colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(17):1757–65.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Mittmann N, Au HJ, Tu D, O’Callaghan CJ, Isogai PK, Karapetis CS, et al. Prospective cost-effectiveness analysis of cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer: evaluation of National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group CO.17 trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009;101(17):1182–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Pignone M, Saha S, Hoerger T, Mandelblatt J. Cost-effectiveness analyses of colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137(2):96–104.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Meropol NJ, Schrag D, Smith TJ, Mulvey TM, Langdon RM, Blum D, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology guidance statement: the cost of cancer care. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(23):3868–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Khambata-Ford S, Garrett CR, Meropol NJ, Basik M, Harbison CT, Wu S, et al. Expression of epiregulin and amphiregulin and K-ras mutation status predict disease control in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with cetuximab. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(22):3230–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Amado RG, Wolf M, Peeters M, Van Cutsem E, Slena S, Freeman DJ, et al. Wild-type KRAS is required for panitumumab efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(10):1626–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Bradley CJ, Given CW, Luo Z, Roberts C, Copeland G, Virnig BA. Medicaid, Medicare, and the Michigan Tumor Registry: a linkage strategy. Med Decis Making. 2007;27:352–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Schrag D, Virnig BA, Warren JL. Linking tumor registry and Medicaid claims to evaluate cancer care delivery. Health Care Financ Rev. 2009;30:61–73.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Yabroff KR, Warren JL, Brown ML. Costs of cancer care in the USA: a descriptive review. Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 2007;4:643–56.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Russell LB. Completing costs: patients’ time. Med Care. 2009;47(7 Suppl 1):S89–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Jonas DE, Russell LB, Sandler RS. Value of patient time invested in the colonoscopy screening process: time requirements for Colonoscopy Study. Med Decis Making. 2008;28:56–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Yabroff KR, Lawrence WF, Clauser S, Davis WW, Brown ML. Burden of illness in cancer survivors: findings from a population-based national sample. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:1322–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Dowling E, Yabroff KR, Mariotto AB, McNeel T, Zeruto C, Buckman D. Burden of illness in adult survivors of childhood cancers: findings from a population-based national sample. Cancer. 2010;116:3712–21.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Emile Tompa .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tompa, E., Lund, J., Yabroff, R. (2011). Health Economics and Cancer Survivorship. In: Feuerstein, M., Ganz, P. (eds) Health Services for Cancer Survivors. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1348-7_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1348-7_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-1347-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-1348-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics