Abstract
Conventional decentralized state feedback and its variations need not always be adequate control strategies for practical large-scale problems. It often happens, for example, that certain subsystem state variables are not available for control purposes, in which case it is necessary to apply some form of output feedback. This type of control requires a special factorization of the gain matrix, which can be represented as a set of algebraic constraints in the LMI optimization. It turns out that similar constraints also arise in the context of singular systems, as well as in problems where the gain matrix has an arbitrary structure. With that in mind, in the following we will consider how such requirements can be incorporated into the design strategy described in Chap. 2. In doing so, we will devote special attention to techniques that are capable of reducing the computational effort (which is a critical consideration in the context of large-scale systems).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aghdam, A. G. and E. J. Davison (2008). Discrete-time control of continuous systems with approximate decentralized fixed modes. Automatica, 44, 75–87.
Aizerman, M. A. and F. R. Gantmacher (1964). Absolute Stability of Regulator Systems. Information System Series, Holden-Day, San Francisco, CA.
Anderson, B. D. O. and D. J. Clements (1981). Algebraic characterization of fixed modes in decentralized control. Automatica, 17, 703–712.
Antoulas, A. (2005). Approximation of Large-Scale Dynamical Systems. SIAM, Philadelphia, PA.
Arcak, M., M. Larsen and P. Kokotovic (2003). Circle and Popov criteria as tools for nonlinear feedback design. Automatica, 39, 643–650.
Bernstein, D. (1992). Some open problems in matrix theory arising in linear systems and control. Linear Algebra and Its Applications, 164, 409–432.
Blondel, V., M. Gevers and A. Lindquist (1995). Survey on the state of systems and control. European Journal of Control, 1, 5–23.
Boukas, E. K. (2005). Static output feedback control for linear descriptor systems: LMI approach. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation, Niagara Falls, Canada, 1230–1234.
Cao, Y. -Y., Y. -X. Sun and W. -J. Mao (1998). Output feedback decentralized stabilization: ILMI approach. Systems and Control Letters, 35, 183–194.
Chaabane, M., O. Bachelier, M. Souissi and D. Mehdi (2006). Stability and stabilization of continuous descriptor systems: An LMI approach. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Article 39367, 1–15.
Dai, L. (1989). Singular Control Systems, Springer, New York.
Duan, Z., J. Wang, G. Chen and L. Huang (2008). Stability analysis and decentralized control of a class of complex dynamical networks. Automatica, 44, 1028–1035.
Dzhunusov, I. A. and A. L. Fradkov (2009). Adaptive synchronization of a network of interconnected nonlinear Lur’e systems. Automation and Remote Control, 70, 1190–1205.
Elia, N. and S. K. Mitter (2001). Stabilization of linear systems with limited information. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 46, 1384–1400.
Graham, A. (1981). Kronecker Products and Matrix Calculus with Applications. Ellis Horwood, Chichester, UK.
Grigoriadis, K. and R. Skelton (1996). Low-order design for LMI problems using alternating projection methods. Automatica, 32, 1117–1125.
Gu, G. (1990). Stabilizability conditions of multivariable uncertain systems via output feedback. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 35, 925–927.
Gudi, R. D. and J. B. Rawlings (2006). Identification for decentralized model predictive control. American Institute of Chemical Engineers Journal, 52, 2198–2210.
Haddad, W. M. and D. S. Bernstein (1991). Robust stabilization with positive real uncertainty: Beyond the small gain theorem. Systems and Control Letters, 17, 191–208.
Ho, D. W. C. and G. Lu (2003). Robust stabilization for a class of discrete-time non-linear systems via output feedback: The unified LMI approach. International Journal of Control, 76, 105–115.
Hodaka, I., N. Sakamoto and M. Suzuki (2000). New results for strict positive realness and feedback stability. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 45, 813–819.
Hristu, D. and K. Morgansen (1999). Limited communication control. Systems and Control Letters, 37, 193–205.
Hu, D. and L. Reichel (1992). Krylov-subspace methods for the Sylvester equation. Linear Algebra and Its Applications, 172, 283–313.
Ikeda, M., T. W. Lee and E. Uezato (2000). A strict LMI condition for H 2 control of descriptor systems. Proceedings of the 39th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Sydney, Australia, 601–604.
Ishii, H. and B. A. Francis (2002a). Stabilization with control networks. Automatica, 38, 1745–1751.
Ishii, H. and B. A. Francis (2002b). Limited Data Rate in Control Systems with Networks. Springer, Berlin.
Iwasaki, T. and R. Skelton (1995). Parametrization of all stabilizing controllers via quadratic Lyapunov functions. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, 85, 291–307.
Iwasaki, T., R. Skelton and J. Geromel (1994). Linear quadratic suboptimal control with static output feedback. Systems and Control Letters, 23, 421–430.
Jaimoukha, I. and E. Kasenally (1994). Krylov subspace methods for solving large Lyapunov equations. SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis, 31, 227–251.
Kalsi, K., J. Lian and S. H. Żak (2009). Reduced-order observer-based decentralized control of non-linear interconnected systems. International Journal of Control, 82, 1157–1166.
Kamwa, I., R. Grondin and Y. Hébert (2001). Wide-area measurement based stabilizing control of large power systems – A decentralized/hierarchical approach. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 16, 136–153.
Karlsson, D., M. Hemmingsson and S. Lindahl (2004). Wide area system monitoring and control. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, September/October 2004, 69–76.
Khalil, H. (2001). Nonlinear Systems. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Konstantinov, M., S. Patarinski, P. Petkov and N. Khristov (1977). Synthesis of linear systems with quadratic criterion for structural limitations. Automation and Remote Control, 38, 628–636.
Langbort, C., R. S. Chandra and R. d’Andrea (2004). Distributed control design for systems interconnected over an arbitrary graph. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 49, 1502–1519.
Lavaei, J., A. Momeni and A. G. Aghdam (2008). A model predictive decentralized scheme with reduced communication requirement for spacecraft formation. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 16, 268–278.
Lee, K. H. (2007). Robust decentralized stabilization of a class of linear discrete-time systems with non-linear interactions. International Journal of Control, 80, 1544–1551.
Leibfritz, F. and E. M. E. Mostafa (2003). Trust region methods for solving the optimal output feedback design problem. International Journal of Control, 76, 501–519.
Liberzon, D. and J. P. Hespanha (2005). Stabilization of nonlinear systems with limited information feedback. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 50, 910–915.
Lin, J. Y. and N. U. Ahmed (1991). Approach to controllability problems for singular systems. International Journal of System Science, 22, 675–690.
Liu, X., J. Wang and L. Huang (2007). Stabilization of a class of dynamical complex networks based on decentralized control. Physica A, 383, 733–744.
Lur’e, A. I. (1957). Some Nonlinear Problems in the Theory of Automatic Control. Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London.
Lur’e, A. I. and V. N. Postnikov (1944). On the theory of stability of control systems. Prikladnaya Matematika i Mekhanika, 8, 246–248 (in Russian).
Malik, W. A., S. Kang, S. Darbha and S. P. Bhattacharyya (2008). Synthesis of absolutely stabilizing controllers. Proceedings of the 47th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Cancun, Mexico, 3589–3594.
Matsumoto, T. (1984). A chaotic attractor from Chua’s circuit. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, 31, 1055–1058.
Nagashio, T. and T. Kida (2009). Robust control of flexible mechanical systems by utilizing symmetry and its application to large space structures. IEEE Transactions on Control System Technology, 17, 671–680.
Narendra, K. S. and J. H. Taylor (1973). Frequency Domain Criteria for Absolute Stability. Academic, New York.
Narendra, K. S., N. Oleng and S. Mukhopadhyay (2006). Decentralised adaptive control with partial communication. IEE Proceedings – Control Theory and Applications, 153, 546–555.
de Oliveira, M. C., J. C. Geromel and J. Bernussou (2000). Design of dynamic output feedback decentralized controllers via a separation procedure. International Journal of Control, 73, 371–381.
Pagilla, P. R. and Y. Zhu (2005). A decentralized output feedback controller for a class of large-scale interconnected nonlinear systems. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control, 127, 167–172.
Parker, T. S. and L. O. Chua (1989). Practical Numerical Algorithms for Chaotic Systems. Springer, New York.
Popov, V. M. (1962). On the absolute stability of nonlinear control systems. Automation and Remote Control, 22, 857–875.
Popov, V. M. (1973). Hyperstability of Control Systems. Springer, New York.
Rautert, T. and E. W. Sachs (1997). Computational design of optimal output feedback controllers. SIAM Journal on Optimization, 7, 837–852.
Saeki, M. (2006). Fixed structure PID controller design for standard H ∞ control problem. Automatica, 42, 93–100.
Scorletti, G. and G. Duc (2001). An LMI approach to decentralized control. International Journal of Control, 74, 211–224.
Sezer, M. E. and D. D. Šiljak (1981). On structurally fixed modes. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Chicago, IL, 558–565.
Šiljak, D. D. (1969). Nonlinear Systems. Wiley, New York.
Šiljak, D. D. (1971). New algebraic criteria for positive realness. Journal of the Franklin Institute, 291, 109–120.
Šiljak, D. D. (1978). Large-Scale Dynamic Systems: Stability and Structure. North-Holland, New York.
Šiljak, D. D. (1991). Decentralized Control of Complex Systems. Academic, Cambridge, MA.
Stanković, S. S. and D. D. Šiljak (2009). Robust stabilization of nonlinear interconnected systems by decentralized dynamic output feedback. Systems and Control Letters, 58, 271–279.
Stipanović, D. M. and D. D. Šiljak (2001). Robust stability and stabilization of discrete-time non-linear systems: The LMI approach. International Journal of Control, 74, 873–879.
Sun, W., P. P. Khargonekar and D. Shim (1994). Solution to the positive real control problem for linear time-invariant systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 39, 2034–2046.
Swarnakar, A., H. J. Marquez and T. Chen (2008). A new scheme on robust observer-based control design for interconnected systems with application to a industrial utility boiler. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 16, 539–547.
Syrmos, V. L., C. T. Abdallah, P. Dorato and K. Grigoriadis (1997). Static output feedback – a survey. Automatica, 33, 125–137.
Tao, G. and P. A. Ioannou (1988). Strictly positive real matrices and the Lefschetz–Kalman–Yakubovich Lemma. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 33, 1183–1185.
Trofino-Neto, A. and V. Kucera (1993). Stabilization via static output feedback. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 38, 764–765.
Uezato, E. and M. Ikeda (1999). Strict LMI conditions for stability, robust stabilization and H ∞ control of descriptor systems. Proceedings of the 38th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Phoenix, AZ, 4092–4097.
Vandenberghe, L. and S. Boyd (1996). Semidefinite programming. SIAM Review, 38, 49–95.
Walsh, G., O. Beldiman and L. Bushnell (2001). Asymptotic behavior of nonlinear networked control systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 46, 1093–1097.
Weinberg, L. (1962). Network Analysis and Synthesis. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Wen, J. T. (1988). Time domain and frequency domain conditions for strict positive realness. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 33, 988–992.
Wenk, C. and C. Knapp (1980). Parameter optimization in linear systems with arbitrarily constrained controller structure. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 25, 496–500.
Xu, S. and J. Lam (2006). Robust Control and Filtering of Singular Systems. Springer, New York.
Yakubovich, V. A. (1977). The S-procedure in nonlinear control theory. Vestnik Leningrad University. Mathematics, 4, 73–93.
Zečević, A. I. and D. D. Šiljak (2003). A parallel Krylov – Newton algorithm for accurate solutions of large, sparse Riccati equations. In: Practical Applications of Parallel Computing, L. T. Yang and M. Paprzycki (Eds.), Nova Science Publishers, New York, 49–65.
Zečević, A. I. and D. D. Šiljak (2004). Design of static output feedback for large-scale systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 49, 2040–2044.
Zečević, A. I. and D. D. Šiljak (2005). Control of large-scale systems in a multiprocessor environment. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 164, 531–543.
Zečević, A. I. and D. D. Šiljak (2008). Control design with arbitrary information structure constraints. Automatica, 44, 2642–2647.
Zečević, A. I. and D. D. Šiljak (2010). Stabilization of large-scale nonlinear systems by modifying the interconnection network. International Journal of Control (to appear).
Zečević, A. I., E. Cheng and D. D. Šiljak (2010). Control design for large-scale Lur’e systems with arbitrary information structure constraints. Applied Mathematics and Computation (to appear).
Zhu, Y. and P. R. Pagilla (2006). Decentralized output feedback control of a class of large-scale interconnected systems. IMA Journal of Mathematical Control and Information, 24, 57–69.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zečević, A.I., Šiljak, D.D. (2010). Algebraic Constraints on the Gain Matrix. In: Control of Complex Systems. Communications and Control Engineering. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1216-9_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1216-9_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-1215-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-1216-9
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)