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Extracellular Protein Interactions Mediated by the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule, NCAM: Heterophilic Interactions Between NCAM and Cell Adhesion Molecules, Extracellular Matrix Proteins, and Viruses

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Structure and Function of the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule NCAM

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 663))

Abstract

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) mediate cell-to-cell interactions and interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), a prototypic member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily of CAMs, mediates adhesion through homophilic and heterophilic interactions, thereby modulating a range of biological processes. This review summarizes interactions between NCAM and other CAMs and ECM proteins. Additionally, the role of NCAM as a receptor for rabies virus, and its implications in rabies infections is briefly described. Interactions between NCAM and its heterophilic partners involve most of the NCAM extracellular modules and are mediated via amino acids and carbohydrates. The interactions promote cell adhesion and trigger signal transduction and alterations in cytoskeletal dynamics and organization. Heterophilic NCAM interactions may modulate, or be modulated by, homophilic NCAM interactions. Furthermore, some of the interactions are mutually exclusive, whereas others might lead to the formation of multimeric protein complexes. Consequently, biological processes affected by NCAM interactions are regulated in a complex manner involving many extracellular protein interactions.

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Abbreviations

CAH:

Carbonic anhydrase

CAM:

Cell adhesion molecule

CHL1:

Close homolog of L1

CNS:

Central nervous system

CSPG:

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

FGFR:

Fibroblast growth factor receptor

FnIII:

Fibronectin type 3

GAG:

Glycosaminoglycans

GDNF:

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor

GPI:

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol

HB-GAM:

Heparin-binding growth-associated molecule

HBD:

Heparin binding domain

HNK-1:

Human natural killer-1

HSPG:

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans

Kd:

Equilibrium dissociation constant

LRP:

Laminin receptor precursor

MSD1:

Muscle-specific domain 1

NCAM:

Neural cell adhesion molecule

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

PG:

Proteoglycans

PI-PLC:

Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C

PrP:

Protease resistant protein

RPTP:

Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase

PSA:

Polysialic acid

RABV:

Rabies virus

SOS:

Sucrose octasulfate

SPR:

Surface plasmon resonance

VASE:

Variable alternative spliced exon

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Acknowledgments

The financial support from “Snedkermester Sophus Jacobsen og hustru Astrid Jacobsens Fond”, “Det Lægevidenskabelige Fakultets Fond for videnskabeligt ansatte kandidater og studerende ved Københavns Universitet”, ENKAM Pharmaceuticals A/S, and the Graduate School of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, and the EU-funded brain research consortium PROMEMORIA (LSHM-CT-2005-512012) is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Protein Laboratory, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3C, Building 24.2, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark

    Peter S. Walmod

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  1. Janne Nielsen
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  1. Panum Institute, Dept. Regenerative Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3C, Koebenhavn N, 2200, Denmark

    Vladimir Berezin

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Nielsen, J., Kulahin, N., Walmod, P.S. (2010). Extracellular Protein Interactions Mediated by the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule, NCAM: Heterophilic Interactions Between NCAM and Cell Adhesion Molecules, Extracellular Matrix Proteins, and Viruses. In: Berezin, V. (eds) Structure and Function of the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule NCAM. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 663. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1170-4_2

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