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Role of RecQ Helicases in Nuclear DNA Repair and Telomere Maintenance

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Cellular Senescence and Tumor Suppression

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Abstract

Survival of an organism is reliant on preservation of genomic integrity. The RecQ helicase family of proteins plays crucial roles in maintaining genomic stability. DNA repair processes are very important for restoring the damaged DNA, and increasing lines of evidence suggest that RecQ helicases are involved in these processes. Telomeres are situated at the end of linear chromosomes, where they play key roles in the preservation of genome stability. Telomerase and telomere protein complexes play key roles in telomere length regulation. The latter, referred as the shelterin complex, also acts on telomere-specific structures and telomere capping. Other telomere-associated proteins are involved in the proper processing of telomere length, structure and capping. RecQ helicases, especially WRN, are also believed to be involved in the maintenance of telomeres. They are implicated in replication, recombination and proper repair of telomeric DNA.

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Abbreviations

8-oxodG:

8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine

ALT:

Alternative lengthening of telomeres

BER:

Base excision repair

BS:

Bloom syndrome

DSB:

Double-strand break

DSBR:

Double-strand break repair

dsDNA:

Double-stranded DNA

FISH:

Fluorescence in situ hybridization

G4:

G-quadruplex

HJ:

Holiday junction

HR:

Homologous recombination

ICL:

Interstrand crosslink

LP-BER:

Long patch base excision repair

MMR:

Mismatch repair

NER:

Nucleotide excision repair

NHEJ:

Nonhomologous end-joining

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RTS:

Rothmund–Thomson syndrome

RQS:

RecQ Conserved

SBR:

Single-strand break repair

SCE:

Sister chromatid exchange

SP-BER:

Short-patch base excision repair

ssDNA:

Single-stranded DNA

TIF:

Telomere dysfunction-induced foci

WS:

Werner syndrome

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by funds from the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224-6825, USA

    Avik Ghosh, Yie Liu & Vilhelm A. Bohr

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  1. Avik Ghosh
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  2. Yie Liu
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  3. Vilhelm A. Bohr
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Correspondence to Vilhelm A. Bohr .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cancer Research UK, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom

    Peter D. Adams

  2. Dept. Molecular & Cell Biology &, Brown University, Ship Street 70, Providence, 02912, U.S.A.

    John M. Sedivy

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Ghosh, A., Liu, Y., Bohr, V.A. (2010). Role of RecQ Helicases in Nuclear DNA Repair and Telomere Maintenance. In: Adams, P., Sedivy, J. (eds) Cellular Senescence and Tumor Suppression. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1075-2_2

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