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Chemokine Receptors and NeuroAIDS pp 191–220Cite as

Chemokine Signaling in the Nervous System and Its Role in Development and Neuropathology

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Abstract

Chemokines are small proteins that are well known as regulators of leukocyte migration. However, recent data have indicated that chemokines also play a number of roles in the nervous system. Here, we discuss the chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12, which has an important role in directing the migration of stem cells in the development of the nervous system. Deletion of the gene for SDF-1 or its receptor CXCR4 produces deficits in the development of numerous parts of the central and peripheral nervous systems. In the adult nervous system, SDF-1 takes on a role as a neurotransmitter and contributes to adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. Other chemokines such as MCP-1/CCL2 are upregulated in the context of brain disease. In particular, we discuss the role of MCP-1 and its receptor CCR2 in the generation of chronic pain hypersensitivity. MCP-1 is upregulated by sensory nociceptors under these circumstances, and it plays a role in the control of nociceptor excitability. Overall, the data we discuss illustrate the extensive role of chemokines and their receptors in the control of neural development and disease.

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  1. Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA

    Richard J. Miller

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  1. Dept. Pharmacology & Physiology, & Institute of Molecular Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, North 15th St. 245, Philadelphia, 19102-1101, USA

    Olimpia Meucci

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Miller, R.J. (2010). Chemokine Signaling in the Nervous System and Its Role in Development and Neuropathology. In: Meucci, O. (eds) Chemokine Receptors and NeuroAIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0793-6_9

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