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Male Reproductive Cancers pp 289–315Cite as

Inherited Susceptibility of Aggressive Prostate Cancer

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Part of the book series: Cancer Genetics ((CANGENETICS))

Abstract

The severity of prostate cancer varies widely, ranging from latent disease and having essentially no impact on morbidity, to an aggressive course of disease with high morbidity and potential mortality. Deciphering the risk factors for prostate cancer and aggressive forms of the disease is crucial for improving screening, prevention, and treatment of this common but complex disease. Established risk factors for overall prostate cancer include older age, African-American ethnicity, a positive family history of prostate cancer, and a few genetic loci. The potential relationship between these risk factors and more aggressive disease remains to be clearly understood. Moreover, a number of genetic linkage and association studies support an inherited susceptibility to aggressive prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in American men after skin cancer (Carter et al. 2006; SEER Cancer Statistics Review 1975–2004 2007). The only established risk factors for prostate cancer are increasing age, African-American (AA) ethnicity, and a positive family history of prostate cancer. The risk of prostate cancer increases with older ages with most cases diagnosed after age 65. African-Americans have the highest incidence of prostate cancer, Asians the lowest, whereas Caucasians have in-between rates (SEER Cancer Statistics Review 1975–2004 2007). Some studies have also found a higher mortality rate in AA men (Albano et al. 2007; Powell 2007) (see Chap. 9.4). The risk of prostate cancer also increases with the occurrence of the disease in first-degree relatives and increases with increasing numbers of affected family members (Gann 2002; Giovannucci et al. 2007; Noe et al. 2007). There is a twofold risk to men who have one affected first-degree relative and increases to 11-fold with three affected family members (Steinberg et al. 1990). A number of studies have investigated the risk of prostate cancer in families with other cancers (e.g., breast), but the occurrence of other cancers has not been established as risk factors (Peters et al. 2001; Verhage et al. 2004). Studies have also looked at environmental factors such as diet and occupational exposures, but these have not been consistently associated with disease (Carter et al. 2006; SEER Cancer Statistics Review 1975–2004 2007).

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  1. Epidemiology & Biostatistics, and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, 0794, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0794, USA

    John S. Witte

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Schnell, A.H., Witte, J.S. (2010). Inherited Susceptibility of Aggressive Prostate Cancer. In: Foulkes, W., Cooney, K. (eds) Male Reproductive Cancers. Cancer Genetics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0449-2_10

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