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fMRI of Human Visual Pathways

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Functional Neuroradiology

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Abstract

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the human brain provides images of changes in local blood flow and oxygenation that are evoked by sensory, motor, or cognitive events. Functional MRI has been used since 1991 [1] to identify areas of the brain that respond to visual stimulation and the performance of vision-related tasks. Increasingly, fMRI is accompanied by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which provides images of the speed and direction of diffusion of water molecules in the brain. Fortuitously, this allows remarkable differentiation of cerebral white mater and the delineation of a variety of major white matter tracts including vision-related pathways such as the optic radiations. This chapter focuses primarily on fMRI, but DTI data are also discussed where relevant. Together, the two methods provide a wealth of information about the anatomical and functional status of key components of the visual system in individual patients even in the presence of pathology. For example, an imaging-based map of the visual system can be helpful for planning and guiding surgical resection of tumors impacting critical vision-related brain structures. This is especially true when mass effects or previous surgeries have distorted the normal anatomy making it difficult to know where key structures are located and if they are still functional. In difficult cases, identifying the region of “closest approach” of a planned resection to the cortical representation of central vision or to the optic radiations can help to minimize the risk to eloquent neural tissue and thereby avoid significant treatment-induced vision loss while still permitting maximum therapeutic effect.

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Acknowledgments and Disclosure

This work supported by NIH grants R42CA113186 and R01EB007827. Authors E.A.D. and J.U. are consultants and members of the board of directors of Prism Clinical Imaging Inc.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA

    Edgar A. DeYoe PhD (Professor) & Danielle Reitsma (Graduate Student, Magnetic Resonance Biophysics)

  2. Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA

    John L. Ulmer MD (Professor of Radiology, Director of Neuroradiology)

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA

    Wade Mueller MD (Professor)

  4. Radiological Associates of Sacramento Medical Group Inc., 1500 Expo Parkway, Sacramento, CA, 95815, USA

    Lotfi Hacein-Bey MD (Diagnostic Radiologist)

  5. Division of Stroke, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA

    Viktor Szeder MD, PhD (Clinical Fellow)

  6. Center for Brain Health, University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 W. Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA

    Mary Jo Maciejewski PhD (Postdoctoral Research Fellow)

  7. Neurolab, Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA

    Karen Medler (5th Year PhD Candidate)

  8. Department of Radiology (Neuro Lab), Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA

    Jedediah Mathis (Research Technologist)

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  1. Edgar A. DeYoe PhD
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Correspondence to Edgar A. DeYoe PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Temple University School of Medicine, 3401 Broad Street, Philadelphia, 19140-5189, Pennsylvania, USA

    Scott H. Faro

  2. Dept. of Radiology, Temple University Hospital, 3401 Broad Street, Philadelphia, 19140-5189, Pennsylvania, USA

    Feroze B. Mohamed

  3. , Radiology, University of Southern California School, Zonal Avenue 1975, Los Angeles, 90033, California, USA

    Meng Law

  4. , Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Watertown Plank Road 8701, Milwaukee, 53226, USA

    John T. Ulmer

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DeYoe, E.A. et al. (2011). fMRI of Human Visual Pathways. In: Faro, S., Mohamed, F., Law, M., Ulmer, J. (eds) Functional Neuroradiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0345-7_26

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