Abstract
The dwarf marmoset, first described as Callithrix humilis by van Roosmalen et al. (Goeldiana Zoologia 22:1-27, 1998), proved to be so unusual that van Roosmalen and van Roosmalen (Neotrop Primates 11(1):1-10, 2003) soon renamed it as the new genus Callibella. Occupying a tiny and indeterminate range in the central Amazon, Callibella has never been systematically studied in the wild and presents enigmas in nearly every aspect of its biology. Here we detail the chronology of its discovery, note some of the unresolved questions regarding its biology, and compare its morphology with that of the other callitrichids. We analyzed quantitative cranial and mandibular characters of Callibella to determine if it could be distinguished from other callitrichids in a genus-level analysis. We found that Callibella is clearly distinct from all other genera, in particular in the morphology of the lower jaw. In addition, our analysis demonstrated a strong separation of Callimico from all other callitrichids, indicating that this genus is morphologically distinct from its closest relatives, the marmosets.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Resumen
El tití de corona negro, descrito por primera vez como Callithrix humilis por van Roosmalen et al. (1998), resultó ser tan inusual que van Roosmalen y van Roosmalen (2003) lo reclasificaron dentro de un nuevo género llamado Callibella. Callibella ocupa un área de distribución muy limitada e indeterminada en la Amazonía central, nunca ha sido estudiado sistemáticamente en vida silvestre, y presenta enigmas en cada aspecto de su biología. Aquí detallamos la cronología de su descubrimiento, mencionamos algunas preguntas sin resolver respecto a su biología, y comparamos su morfología con la de otros callitrícidos. Analizamos parámetros cuantitativos craneanos y mandibulares de Callibella para determinar si puede ser diferenciado de otros callitrícidos mediante un análisis a nivel de género. Encontramos como resultado que Callibella es claramente distinto de todos los demás géneros, especialmente en cuanto a la morfología mandibular. Adicionalmente, nuestro análisis demostró una fuerte separación de Callimico de todos los demás callitrícidos, lo que sugiere que este género también es morfológicamente distinto de sus parientes más cercanos entre los monos tití.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Resumo
O sagüi-anão, originalmente descrito como Callithrix humilis por van Roosmalen et al. (1998), apresentou tão extraordinário que van Roosmalen e van Roosmalen (2003) o renomeiaram como o novo gênero Callibella. Ocupando uma área geográfica minúscula e mal-conhecida, Callibella nunca havia sido sistematicamente estudado no campo, e apresenta enigmas em quase todo aspeto da sua biologia. Aqui relatamos a história da sua descoberta, notamos algumas das perguntas persistentes sobre a biologia desta espécie, e fazemos uma comparação entre a morfologia de Callibella dos outros géneros dos calitriquídeos. Analisamos carácteres quantitativos do crânio e mandíbula de Callibella para determinar se pudesse ser diferenciado dos outros calitriquídeos numa análise ao nivel dos gêneros. Os resultados indicaram que o sagüi-anão é bastante distinto de todos os outros gêneros, destacando a morfologia da mandíbula. Além disso, a nossa análise demonstrou uma separação forte de Callimico de todos outros calitriquídeos, sugerindo que este gênero é também morfologicamente distinto do seus confamiliares mais próximos entre os sagüis.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Together with Marroig and Cheverud (Chap. 17, this volume), we are not convinced that the Amazonian marmosets merit a separate genus, but here we follow the convention established for this volume as a whole.
References
Aguiar JM (2001) Callithrix humilis. Unpublished report to the Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation
Aguiar JM, Lacher TE Jr (2003) On the morphological distinctiveness of Callithrix humilis van Roosmalen et al., 1998. Neotrop Primates 11(1):11–18
Ferrari SF, Sena L, Schneider MPC (1999) Definition of a new species of marmoset (Primates: Callithrichinae) from southwestern Amazonia based on molecular, ecological and zoogeographic evidence. In: Mendes SL (ed) Livro de Resumos do IX Congresso Brasileiro de Primatologia, Museu de Biologia Prof. Mello Leitão, Santa Teresa, ES, 25–30 Julho 1999, pp 80–81
Ferrari SF, Sena L, Schneider MPC, Silva Jr JS (in press) Rondon’s marmoset, Mico rondoni sp.n., from southwestern Brazilian Amazonia. Folia Primatologica, in press
Ford SM, Davis LC (this volume) Marmoset postcrania and the skeleton of the dwarf marmoset, Callibella humilis. In: Ford SM, Porter LM, Davis LC (eds) The smallest anthropoids: The marmoset/callimico radiation. Springer Press, New York, (this volume)
Lehmann J, Kern DC, Glaser B, Woods WI (eds) (2004) Amazonian dark earths: Origin, properties, management. Springer, New York
Hershkovitz, P. 1977.Living New World Monkeys (Platyrrhini) with an Introduction to Primates , Vol. 1. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago
Mann CC (2002) The real dirt on rainforest fertility. Science 297:920–922
Marroig G, Cheverud JM (2005) Size as a line of least evolutionary resistance: Diet and adaptive morphological radiation in New World monkeys. Evolution 59:1128–1142
Marroig G, Cheverud JM (this volume) Size and shape in callimico and marmoset skulls: Allometry and heterochrony in the morphological evolution of small anthropoids. In: Ford SM, Porter LM, Davis LC (eds) The smallest anthropoids: The marmoset/callimico radiation. Springer Press, New York, (this volume)
Quammen D (1997) You looking for me? Sports Illustrated, 3 Feb 1997, pp 66–76
Rylands AB, de Faria DS (1987) Habitats and feeding ecology of the genus Callithrix. Int J Primatol 8:438
Rylands AB, de Faria DS (1993) Habitats, feeding ecology, and home range size in the genus Callithrix. In: Rylands AB (ed) Marmosets and tamarins: Systematics, ecology, and behavior. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 262–272
Rylands AB, Coimbra-Filho AF, Mittermeier RA (1993) Systematics, geographic distribution, and some notes on the conservation status of the Callitrichidae. In: Rylands AB (ed) Marmosets and tamarins: Systematics, ecology, and behavior. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 11–77
Rylands AB, Mittermeier RA, Coimbra-Filho AF (this volume) The systematics and distribution of the marmosets (Callithrix, Callibella, Cebuella, and Mico) and Callimico (Callimico) (Callitrichidae, Primates). In: Ford SM, Porter LM, Davis LC (eds) The smallest anthropoids: The marmoset/callimico radiation. Springer Press, New York, (this volume)
Schneider H (2000) The current status of the New World monkey phylogeny. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 72:165–172
Soini P (1988) The pygmy marmoset, genus Cebuella. In: Mittermeier RA, Rylands AB, Coimbra-Filho AF, da Fonseca GAB (eds) Ecology and behavior of Neotropical primates, vol 2. World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, pp 79–129
SPSS, Inc. (2003) SPSS 13.0. Chicago, Illinois
Tagliaro CH, Schneider MPC, Schneider H, Sampaio I, Stanhope M (1997) Marmoset phylogenetics, conservation perspectives, and evolution of the mtDNA control region. Mol Biol Evol 12:823–833
Taylor AB, Eng EM, Anapol FC, Vinyard CJ (this volume) The functional significance of jaw-muscle fiber architecture in tree-gouging marmosets. In: Ford SM, Porter LM, Davis LC (eds) The smallest anthropoids: The marmoset/callimico radiation. Springer Press, New York, (this volume)
Van Roosmalen MGM (2002) Conservation status of primates in the Brazilian Amazon. Presented at the XIXth Congress of the International Primatological Society, August 2002, Beijing, China
Van Roosmalen MGM, van Roosmalen T (2003) The description of a new marmoset genus, Callibella (Callitrichinae, Primates), including its molecular phylogenetic status. Neotrop Primates 11(1):1–10
Van Roosmalen MGM, van Roosmalen T, Mittermeier RA, da Fonseca GAB (1998) A new and distinctive species of marmoset (Callitrichidae, Primates) from the lower Rio Aripuanã, state of Amazonas, central Brazilian Amazonia. Goeldiana Zoologia 22:1–27
Van Roosmalen MGM, van Roosmalen T, Mittermeier RA, Rylands AB (2000) Two new species of marmoset, genus Callithrix Erxleben, 1777 (Callitrichidae, Primates), from the Tapajós/Madeira interfluvium, south Central Amazonia, Brazil. Neotrop Primates 8(1):2–19
Vinyard CJ, Wall CE, Williams SH, Mork AL, Garner BA, de Oliveiro Melo LC, Valença-Montenegro MM, Valle YBM, Monteiro da Cruz MAO, Lucas PW, Schmitt D, Taylor AB, Hylander WL (this volume) The evolutionary morphology of tree gouging in marmosets. In: Ford SM, Porter LM, Davis LC (eds) The smallest anthropoids: The marmoset/callimico radiation. Springer Press, New York, (this volume)
Yamamoto ME, Arruda M de F, Alencar AI, de Sousa MBC, Araújo A (this volume) Mating systems and female-female competition in the common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus. In: Ford SM, Porter LM, Davis LC (eds) The smallest anthropoids: The marmoset/callimico radiation. Springer Press, New York, (this volume)
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Susan Ford, Lesa Davis, and Leila Porter, organizers of the Marmoset and Callimico Symposium at the 2005 meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropology, for inviting us to participate in the symposium and for the published volume which has resulted. We would also like to express our appreciation to M.G.M. van Roosmalen for making the type skull of Callibella humilis available to examine. Thanks are also due to José de Sousa e Silva Júnior and Suely Aguiar of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi in Belém; João Oliveira of the Museu Nacional in Rio de Janeiro; Mario de Vivo of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo; and the staff of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Amazônicas in Manaus, for access to their respective collections in Brazil.
The first author also appreciates the opportunity to examine specimens under the care of Linda Gordon and Richard Thorington, Jr. at the United States National Museum of Natural History; by Robert Randall at the American Museum of Natural History; by Maria Rutzmoser at the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology; and by Bruce Patterson at the Field Museum. Additional thanks are also due to Olavi Grönwall of the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet in Oslo, Sweden; Manfred Ade of the Humboldt Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Germany; the staff of the Museum National de Histoire Naturelle in Paris, France; and most especially Chris Smeenk of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijk Historie in Leiden, the Netherlands. This research was supported by a grant from the Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation and by Conservation International, in cooperation with Fundação Biodiversitas in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais.
The authors are also grateful to Colin Groves, Duane Schlitter, and Michael Willig for constructive comments on the details of marmoset morphology and statistical analysis, and we very much appreciate the assistance of Edward Lohnes and Karyn Tabor in preparing several of the figures. We are particularly grateful to Daniel Juhn and Kellee Koenig of Conservation International, who helped the first author to locate and manipulate the satellite imagery that became Fig. 18.1. We are also grateful to Stephen D. Nash, scientific illustrator for Conservation International, for his kind permission to use his excellent photographs of the type skull of Callibella. The first author also thanks Mariella Superina for her Spanish translation of our abstract. Finally, many thanks must go to Ilmar Bastos-Santos of Fundação Biodiversitas for his invaluable support, both personal and professional, of the first author’s research travel in Brazil.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Aguiar, J.M., Lacher, T.E. (2009). Cranial Morphology of the Dwarf Marmoset Callibella in the Context of Callitrichid Variability. In: Ford, S., Porter, L., Davis, L. (eds) The Smallest Anthropoids. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0293-1_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0293-1_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-0292-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-0293-1
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)