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- 1.
Quoting from Mubarok (2001), the term Islah meaning reconciliation in Arabic is derived from the word Shalaha. Shalaha refers to that which is good, proper, suitable, as well as peaceful reconciliation and compromise. In the Qur’an, while the families of those who have been unjustly killed, can exact revenge (as in the case of Tanjung Priok), they are however encouraged to forgive and reconcile (Qur’an 42:40).
- 2.
In this case or in many cases of conflict and reconciliation, it is difficult to delineate the strict line that exclusively differentiates between individual and collective or social memories. These two kinds of memory are intertwined and interlinked with each other. In this chapter the construct of memory is best conceptualized as collective memories referring to what is remembered, constructed, and shared by groups of people or communities. I used the following definition to describe the term collective memory “Collective memory is memory, image, and knowledge of the past that are collectively recorded by individuals in a group. The memory is collectively shared, transmitted, and sustained through discursive processes (communication, language, writing, conversation, dialogue, discussion, etc.) or through bodily practices, such as ritual and commemoration, social movement. In this case, individual memory and collective memory complements each other in a sense that the processes are shared together through social sharing that will frame and direct perception and memory about each individual’s past, resulting in some kinds of narrative about the past in the group. The issue regarding collective memory involves not just what is remembered, but why that particular event and how is it remembered” (Muluk, 2004, p. 100).
- 3.
For more details about this book, see Tim Penyusun Pusat Studi dan Pengembangan Informasi (PSPI). (1998). Tanjung Priok berdarah, tanggung jawab siapa?: Kumpulan fakta dan data [The bloody Tanjung Priok, whose responsibility?: A collection of data and facts]. Gema Insani Press: Jakarta.
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Muluk, H. (2009). Memory for Sale: How Groups “Distort” Their Collective Memory for Reconciliation Purposes and Building Peace. In: Noor, N., Montiel, C. (eds) Peace Psychology in Asia. Peace Psychology Book Series. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0143-9_6
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