Abstract
B–C–N is an emerging material system consisting of novel nanostructures of boron (B), carbon (C), boron nitride (BN), carbon nitride (CN x ), boron-carbon nitride (B x C y N z ), and boron carbide (B x C y ). These B–C–N materials are sometimes called as frontier carbon materials, because of their flexibility in forming materials of various types of hybridizations similar to those in the pure carbon system. This chapter provides a concise introduction on all these materials. Readers are referred to various references and other chapters compiled in this book for further reading.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
H. W. Kroto, J. R. Heath, S. C. O’Brien, R. F. Curl, and R. E. Smalley, Nature (London) 318, 162 (1985).
S. Iijima, Nature (London) 354, 56 (1991).
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1996/
A. Y. Liu, R. M. Wentzcovitch, and M. L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. B 39, 1760 (1989).
T. W. Capehart, T. A. Perry, C. B. Beetz, D. N. Belton, G. B. Fisher, C. E. Beall, B. N. Yates, and J. W. Taylor, Appl. Phys. Lett. 55, 957 (1989).
R. Saito, G. Dresselhaus, and M. S. Dresselhaus, Physical Properties of Carbon nanotubes, Imperial College Press, London (1998).
M. S. Dresselhaus and G. Dresselhaus, Eds., Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (2001).
M. W. Geis and M. A. Tamor, in Encyclopedia of Applied Physics, Vol. 5, Diamond and Diamond-like Carbon, G. L. Trigg, Eds., VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, 1–24 (1993).
O. J. Vohler, F. von Sturm, and E. Wege, in Encyclopedia of Applied Physics, Vol. 3, Carbon Materials, G. L. Trigg, Eds., VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, 21–40 (1993).
M. S. Dresselhaus and G. Dresselhaus, in Encyclopedia of Applied Physics, Vol. 7, Graphite, G. L. Trigg, Eds., VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, 289–301 (1993).
http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0447555. Y. K. Yap, National Science Foundation Award # 0447555, “CAREER: Synthesis, Characterization and Discovery of Frontier Carbon Materials.
S. Iijima and T. Ichihashi, Nature (London) 363, 603 (1993).
D. S. Bethune, C. H. Kiang, M. S. de Vries, G. Gorman, R. Savoy, J. Vazquez, and R. Beyers, Nature (London) 363, 605 (1993).
A. Thess, R. Lee, P. Nikolaev, H. Dai, P. Petit, J. Robert, C. Xu, Y. H. Lee, S. G. Kim, A. G. Rinzler, D. T. Colbert, G. E. Scuseria, D. Tomanek, J. E. Fisher, and R. E. Smalley, Science 273, 483 (1996).
M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, and R. Saito, Phys. Rev. B 45, 6234 (1992).
J. W. Mintmire, B. I. Dunlap, and C. T. White, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 631 (1992).
N. Hamada, S. Sawada, A. Oshiyama, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1579 (1992).
J. W. G. Wilder, L. C. Venema, A. G. Rinzler, R. E. Smalley, and C. Dekker, Nature (London) 391, 59 (1998).
T. W. Odom, J. L Huang, P. Kim, and C. M. Lieber, Nature (London) 391, 62 (1998).
N. Wang, Z. K. Tang, G. D. Li, and J. S. Chen, Nature 408, 50 (2000).
T. Guo, P. Nikolaev, A. G. Rinzler, D. Tomanek, D. T. Colbert, and R. E. Smalley, J. Phys. Chem. 99, 10694 (1995).
A. Peigney, Ch. Laurent, F. Dobigeon, and A. Rousset, J. Mater. Res. 12, 613 (1997).
J. H. Hafner, M. J. Bronikowski, B. R. Azamian, P. Nikolaev, A. G. Rinzler, D. T. Colbert, K. A. Smith, and R. E. Smalley, Chem. Phys. Lett. 296, 195 (1998).
H. Dai, A. G. Rinzler, P. Nikolaev, A. Thess, D. T. Colbert, and R. E. Smalley, Chem. Phys. Lett. 260, 471 (1996).
V. Kayastha, Y. K. Yap, S. Dimovski, and Y. Gogotsi, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 3265 (2004).
V. Kayastha, Y. K. Yap, Z. Pan, I. N. Ivanov, A. A. Puretzky, and D. B. Geohegan, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 253105 (2005).
K. Hata, D. N. Futaba, K. Mizuno, T. Namai, M. Yumura, and S. Iijima, Science 306, 1362 (2004).
G. Zhang, D. Mann, L. Zhang, A. Javey, Y. Li, E. Yenilmez, Q. Wang, J. P. McVittie, O. Nishi, J. Gibbons, and H. Dai, PNAS 102, 16141 (2005).
Y. Murakami, S. Chiashi, Y. Miyauchi, M. Hu, M. Ogura, T. Okubo, and S. Maruyama, Chem. Phys. Lett. 385, 298 (2004).
V. K. Kayastha, S. Wu, J. Moscatello, and Y. K. Yap, J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 10158 (2007).
S. M. Bachilo, M. S. Strano, C. Kittrell, R. H. Hauge, R. E. Smalley, and R. B. Weisman, Science 298, 2361 (2002).
D. L. Medlin, T. A. Friedmann, P. B. Mirkarimi, M. J. Mills, and K. F. McCarty, Phys. Rev. B. 50, 7884 (1994).
R. S. Pease, Acta. Cryst. 5, 356 (1952).
T. Ishii, T. Sato, Y. Sekikawa, and M. Iwata, J. Cryst. Growth 52, 285 (1981)
F. P. Bundy and R. H. Wentorf, Jr, J. Chem Phys. 38, 1144 (1963)
R. H. Wentorf, Jr., J. Chem. Phys. 34, 809 (1961)
C. B. Samantaray and R. N. Singh, Int. Mater. Rev., 50, 313 (2005)
P. B. Mirkarimi, K. F. McCarty, and D. L. Medlin, Mat. Sci. Eng. R 21, 47 (1997)
J. Thomas,N. E. Weston, and T. E. O’Connor, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 84, 4619 (1963)
A. Rubio, J. L. Corkill, and M. L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. B. 49, 5081 (1994).
X. Blase, A. Rubio, S. G. Louie, and M. L. Cohen, Euro. Phy. Lett. 28, 335 (1994)
M. Ishigami, S. Aloni and A. Zettl, AIP Conf. Proc. 696, 94 (2003).
D. Ghosh, G. Subhash, C. H. Lee, Y. K. Yap, Appl. Phys. Letts. 91, 061910 (2007).
R. Naslain, in Boron and Refractory Borides, V. I. Matkovich, Ed., Springer-Verlag, New York, 139 (1977).
G. Will and K. Ploog, Nature 251, 406 (1974).
A. W. Laubengayer, D. T. Hurd, A. E. Newkirk, and J. L. Hoard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 65, 1924 (1943).
A. Y. Liu and M. L. Cohen, Science 245, 841 (1989).
A. Y. Liu and M. L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. B 41, 10727 (1990).
D. M. Teter and R. J. Hemley, Science 271, 53 (1996).
C. M. Niu, Y. Z. Lu, and C. M. Lieber, Science 261, 334 (1993).
C. M. Lieber and Z. J. Zhang, Chem. Indus. 22, 922 (1995).
J. T. Hu, P. D. Yang, and C. M. Lieber, Phys. Rev. B 57, R3185 (1998).
J. T. Hu, P. D. Yang, and C. M. Lieber, Appl. Surf. Sci. 127–129, 569 (1998).
O. Matsumoto, T. Kotaki, H. Shikano, K. Takemura, and S. Tanaka, J. Electrochem. Soc. 141, L16 (1994).
Y. K. Yap, S. Kida, T. Aoyama, Y. Mori, and T. Sasaki, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 915 (1998).
Y. K. Yap, S. Kida, T. Aoyama, Y. Mori, and T. Sasaki, Diamond Relat. Mater. 8, 614 (1999).
Y. K. Yap, S. Kida, T. Aoyama, Y. Mori, and T. Sasaki, Diamond Relat. Mater. 9, 1228 (2000).
M. Itoh, Y. Suda, M. A. Bratescu, Y. Sakai, and K. Suzuki, Appl. Phys. A 79, 1575 (2004).
Y. A. Li, Z. B. Zhang, S. S. Xie, and G. Z. Yang, Chem. Phys. Lett. 247, 253 (1995).
Z. B. Zhang, Y. A. Li, S. S. Xie, and G. Z. Yang, J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 14, 1742 (1995).
S. Kumar, K. S. A. Butcher, and T. L. Tansley, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 14, 2687 (1996).
C. Y. Hsu and F. C. N. Hong, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys 37, L1058 (1998).
W. Lu and K. Komvopoulos, J. Appl. Phys. 85, 2642 (1999).
J. Peng, P. Zhang, Y. Guo, and G. H. Chen, Mater. Lett. 29, 191 (1996).
Y. A. Li, S. Xu, H. S. Li, and W. Y. Luo, J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 17, 31 (1998).
L. D. Jiang, A. G. Fitzgerald, and M. J. Rose, Appl. Surf. Sci. 158, 340 (2000).
J. Wei, J. Appl. Phys. 89, 4099 (2001).
X. C. Wang, P. Wu, Z. Q. Li, E. Y. Jiang, and H. L. Bai, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 37, 2127 (2004).
M. Lejeune, O. Durand-Drouhin, S. Charvet, A. Zeinert, and M. Benlahsen, J. Appl. Phys. 101, 123501 (2007).
T. Y. Yen and C. P. Chou, Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 2801 (1995).
Y. F. Zhang, Z. H. Zhou, and H. L. Li, Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 634 (1996).
H. K. Woo, Y. F. Zhang, S. T. Lee, C. S. Lee, Y. W. Lam, and K. W. Wong, Diamond Relat. Mater. 6, 635 (1997).
J. L. He and W. L. Chang, Surf. Coat. Technol. 99, 184 (1998).
J. P. Riviere, D. Texier, J. Delafond, M. Jaouen, E. L. Mathe and J. Chaumont, Mater. Lett. 22, 115 (1995).
A. Fernandez, P. Prieto, C. Quiros, J. M. Sanz, J. M. Martin and B. Vacher, Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 764 (1996).
X. W. Su, H. W. Song, F. Z. Cui, W. Z. Li, and H. D. Li, Surf. Coat. Technol. 84, 388 (1996).
Z. C. Wu, Y. H. Yu, and X. H. Liu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 1291 (1996).
X. M. He, L. Shu, W. Z. Li, and H. D. Li, J. Mater. Res. 12, 1595 (1997).
J. Y. Feng, Y. Zheng, and J. Q. Xie, Mater. Lett. 27, 219 (1996).
P. N. Wang, Z. Guo, X. T. Ying, J. H. Chen, X. M. Xu, and F. M. Li, Phys. Rev. B 59, 13347 (1999).
Y. G. Li, A. T. S. Wee, C. H. A. Huan, W. S. Li, and J. S. Pan, Surf. Interface Anal. 28, 221 (1999).
Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44, 1879 (2005).
T. Hidekazu, M. Sougawa, K. Takarabe, S. Sato, and O. Ariyada, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 46, 1596 (2007).
D. Li, X.-W. Lin, S.-C. Cheng, V. P. Dravid, Y.-W. Chung, M.-S. Wong, and W. D. Sproul, Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 1211 (1996).
J. Pereira, I. G. Grenier, and V. M. Guilbaud, Thin Solid Films 482, 226 (2005).
H. Y. Li, Y. C. Shi, and P. X. Feng, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 142901 (2006).
T. C. Mu, J. Huang, Z. M. Liu, B. X. Han, Z. H. Li, Y. Wang, T. Jiang, and H. X. Gao, J. Mater. Res. 19, 1736 (2004).
A.R. Badzian et al. in “Proceeding of the 3rd International Conference on Chemical Vapor Deposition” (F.A. Claski, Ed.), pp. 747–753. American Nuclear Society, Hinsdale, IL, 1972.
K. Montasser, S. Hattori, and S. Monita, Thin Solid Films 117, 311 (1984).
L. Maya, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 71, 1104 (1988).
J. Kouvetaksi, T. Sasaki, C. Shen, R. Hagiwara, M. Lerner, K. M. Krishnan, and N. Bartlett, Synth. Metals 34, 1 (1989).
L. Maya and L. A. Harris, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 73, 1912 (1990).
M. Yamada, M. Nakaishi, and K. Sugishima, J. Electrochem. Soc. 137, 2242 (1990).
T. M. Besmann, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 73, 2498 (1990).
M. Morita, T. Hanada, H. Tsutsumi, Y. Matsuda, and W. Kawaguchi, J. Electrochem. Soc. 139, 1227 (1992).
F. Saugnac, F. Teyssandiev, and A. Marchand, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 75, 161 (1992).
N. Kawaguchi and T. Kawashima, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 14, 1133 (1993).
A. Derré, L. Filipozzi, F. Bouyer, and A. Marchand, J. Mater. Sci. 29, 1589 (1994).
M. Hubacek and T. Sato, J. Solid State Chem. 114, 258 (1995).
M. O. Watanabe, S. Itoh, K. Mizushima, and T. Sasaki, Thin Solid Films 281-282, 334 (1996).
Y. K. Yap, “Boron-Carbon Nitride Nanohybrids,” in Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (Foreword by R. E. Smalley), H. S. Nalwa, Ed., Volume 1, 383–394, American Scientific Publishers, (2004).
C. H. Lee and Y. K. Yap,“ Current Research Status of Boron-Carbon Nitride Bulks, Thin Films, and Nanostructures,” Chapter 10, in Diamond and Related Materials Research, Shôta Shimizu Ed., Nova Science Publisher, New York, 277–292 (2008).
M. Yano, Y. K. Yap, M. Okamoto, M. Onda, M. Yoshimura, Y. Mori, and T. Sasaki, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 39, L300 (2000).
Y. Kubota, K. Watanabe, O. Tsuda, and T. Taniguchi, Science 317, 932 (2007).
Y. Miyamoto, A. Rubio, M. L. Cohen, and S. G. Louie, Phys. Rev. B 50, 4976 (1994).
A. Y. Liu, R. M. Wentzcovitch, and M. L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. B 39, 1760 (1989).
T. Yuki, S. Umeda, and T. Sugino, Diamond Relat. Mater. 13, 1130 (2004).
J. Yu, E. G. Wang, J. Ahn, S. F. Yoon, Q. Zhang, J. Cui, and M. B. Yu, J. Appl. Phys. 87, 4022 (2000).
R. Gago, I. Jiménez, and J. M. Albella, Thin Solid Films 373, 277 (2000).
M. K. Lei,.Quan Li, Z. F. Zhou, I. Bello, C. S. Lee, and S. T. Lee, Thin Solid Films 389, 194 (2001).
D. H. Kim, E. Byon, S. Lee, J.-K. Kim, and H. Ruh, Thin Solid Films 447-448, 192 (2004).
Y. Wada, Y. K. Yap, M. Yoshimura, Y. Mori, and T. Sasaki, Diamond Relat. Mater. 9, 620 (2000).
Y. K. Yap, Y. Wada, M. Yamaoka, M. Yoshimura, Y. Mori, and T. Sasaki, Diamond Relat. Mater. 10, 1137 (2000).
H. Aoki, K. Ohyama, H. Sota, T. Seino, C. Kimura, and T. Sugino, Appl. Surf. Sci. 254, 596 (2007).
Pi-Chuen Tsai, Surf. Coat. Technol. 201, 5108 (2007).
Y. K. Yap, M. Yoshimura, Y. Mori, and T. Sasaki, Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 2559 (2002).
H. Sun, S.-H. Jhi, D. Roundy, M. L. Cohen, and S. G. Louie, Phys. Rev. B 64, 094108 (2001).
A. R. Badzian, Mat. Res. Bull. 16, 1385 (1981).
E. Knittle, R. B. Kaner, R. Jeanloz, and M. L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. B 51, 12149 (1995).
T. Sasaki, M. Akaishi, S. Yamaoka, Y. Fujiki, and T. Oikawa, Chem. Mater. 5, 695 (1993).
S. Nakano, M. Akaishi, T. Sasaki, and S. Yamaoka, Chem. Mater. 6, 2246 (1994).
S. Nakano, M. Akaishi, T. Sasaki, and S. Yamaoka, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 209, 26 (1996).
Y. Zhao, D. W. He, L. L. Daemen, T. D. Shen, R. B. Schwarz, Y. Zhu, D. L. Bish, J. Huang, J. Zhang, G. Shen, J. Qian, and T. W. Zerda, J. Mater. Res. 17, 3139 (2002).
E. Kim, T. Pang, W. Utsumi, V. L. Solozhenko, and Y. Zhao, Phys. Rev. B 75, 184115 (2007).
S. Ulrich, H. Ehrhardt, T. Theel, J. Schwan, S. Westermeyr, M. Scheib, P. Becker, H. Oechsner, G. Dollinger, and A. Bergmaier, Diamond Relat. Mater. 7, 839 (1998).
Yao, L. Liu and W. H. Su, J. Mater. Res. 13, 1753 (1998).
J. Huang, Y. Zhu and H. Mori, J. Mater. Res. 16, 1178 (2001).
Y. Miyamoto, A. Rubio, M. L. Cohen, and S. G. Louie, Phys. Rev. B 50, 4976 (1994).
Z. W. Sieh, K. Cherrey, N. G. Chopra, X. Blasé, Y. Miyamoto, A. Rubio, M. L. Cohen, S. G. Louie, A. Zettl, and R. Gronsky, Phys. Rev. B 51, 11229 (1995).
Y. Zhang, H. Gu, K. Suenaga, and S. Iijima, Chem. Phys. Lett. 279, 264 (1997)
M. Terrones, A. M. Benito, C. Manteca-Diego, W. K. Hsu, O. I. Osman, J. P. Hare, D. G. Reid, H. Terrones, A. K. Cheetham, K. Prassides, H. W. Kroto, and D. R. M. Walton, Chem. Phys. Lett. 257, 576 (1996).
X. Blasé, J.C. Charlier, A. De Vita, and R. Car, Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 197 (1997).
W. Q. Han, Y. Bando, K. Kurashima, and T. Sato, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38, L755, (1999).
W.-Q. Han, J. Cumings, X. Huang, K. Bradley, and A. Zettl, Chem. Phys. Lett. 346, 368 (2001).
W.-Q. Han, W. Mickelson, J. Cuming, and A. Zettl, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 1110 (2002).
M. Terrones, D. Golberg, N. Grobert, T. Seeger, M. R. Reyes, M. Mayne, R. Kamalakaran, P. Dorozhkin, Z.-C. Dong, H. Terrones, M. Ruhle, and Y. Bando, Adv. Mater. 15, 1899 (2003).
D. Golberg, P. Dorozhkin, Y. Bando, M. Hasegawa, and Z.-C. Dong, Chem. Phys. Lett. 359, 220 (2002).
D. Golberg, Y. Bando, K. Kurashima, and T. Sato, Solid State Commun. 116, 1 (2000).
J. Wu, W.-Q. Han, W. Walukiewicz, J. W. AgerIII, W. Shan, E. E. Haller, and A. Zettl, Nano Lett. 4, 647 (2004).
C. Y. Zhi, J. D. Guo, X. D. Bai, and E. G. Wang, J. Appl. Phys. 91, 5325 (2002).
W. L. Wang, X. D. Bai, K. H. Liu, Z. Xu, D. Golberg, Y. Bando, and E. G. Wang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 6530 (2006).
R. Ma, D. Golberg, Y. Bando, and T. Sasaki, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, 362, 2161 (2004).
Y. Miyamoto, M. L. Cohen, and S. G. Louie, Solid State Commun. 102, 605 (1997).
W.Q. Han, Y. Bando, K. Kurashima, and T. Sato, Chem. Phys. Lett. 299, 368 (1999).
L. S. Panchakarla, A. Govindaraj, and C. N. R. Rao, ACS Nano 1, 494 (2007).
R. Czerw, M. Terrones, J.-C. Charlier, X. Blase, B. Foley, R. Kamalakaran, N. Grobert, H. Terrones, D. Tekleab, P. M. Ajayan, W. Blau, M. Rühle, and D. L. Carroll, Nano Lett. 1, 457 (2001).
J. Liu, S. Webster, and D. L. Carroll, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 213119 (2006)
M. Doytcheva, M. Kaiser, M. A. Verheijen, M. Reyes-Reyes, M. Terrones, and N. de Jonge, Chem. Phys. Lett. 396, 126 (2004).
Acknowledgment
Y. K. Yap acknowledges National Science Foundation CAREER Award (DMR 0447555) for supporting the project on frontier carbon materials; the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DE-FG02-06ER46294) for in part supporting the project on boron nitride nanotubes; and the U.S. Department of Army (W911NF-04-1-0029) and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DAAD17-03-C-0115 through Army Research Laboratory) for supporting his projects on CNTs.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lee, C., Kayastha, V.K., Wang, J., Yap, Y. (2009). Introduction to B–C–N Materials. In: B-C-N Nanotubes and Related Nanostructures. Lecture Notes in Nanoscale Science and Technology, vol 6. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0086-9_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0086-9_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-0085-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-0086-9
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)