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The Auditory Cortex pp 343–367Cite as

Communication Sounds and their Cortical Representation

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Abstract

Communications sounds of most mammals have common acoustic properties that derive from the information bearing elements (IBEs) constant-frequency tones, frequency modulations, and noise bursts. IBEs contain information bearing parameters (IBPs) such as frequency and amplitude, duration, and amplitude modulations. IBPs may be mapped in continuous scales and/or represented in patchy distributions in the activation of neurons in fields of the auditory cortex (AC). The spatial superposition of the maps or patchy distributions of responses to different IBPs creates local sensitivities of neurons (hot spots) to certain IBP combinations. Gamma-band oscillations across the AC may bind the hot spot activities leading to the “meaning” of sounds. The perception of the three basic meanings – attraction, cohesion, aversion – in communication sounds reflect one simple form of processing in the ventral stream from the AC to the frontal cortex.

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Abbreviations

AC:

auditory cortex

AI:

primary auditory cortex

AIp:

posterior pole of primary auditory cortex

AII:

second auditory field

AL:

anterior lateral belt area

AM:

amplitude modulation

AAF:

anterior auditory field

CF:

constant frequency

DF:

dorsal fringe

DSCF:

Doppler-shifted constant frequency area

FM:

frequency modulation/frequency sweep

fMRI:

functional magnetic resonance imaging

IBE:

information-bearing element

IBP:

information-bearing parameter

LFP:

local field potential

ML:

medial lateral belt area

NB:

noise burst

PAF:

posterior auditory field

PET:

positron emission tomography

R:

rostral field

UF:

ultrasonic field

VA:

ventral anterior area

VOT:

voice onset time

VSD:

voltage sensitive dye

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057-1460, USA

    Jagmeet S. Kanwal

  2. Institute of Neurobiology, University of Ulm, D-89069, Ulm, Germany

    Günter Ehret

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  1. Jagmeet S. Kanwal
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  2. Günter Ehret
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Correspondence to Jagmeet S. Kanwal or Günter Ehret .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, 94720-3200, California, USA

    Jeffery A. Winer

  2. WM Keck Foundation Center for, Integrative Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0732, Room HSE 824, San Francisco, 94143-0732, California, USA

    Christoph E. Schreiner

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Kanwal, J.S., Ehret, G. (2011). Communication Sounds and their Cortical Representation. In: Winer, J., Schreiner, C. (eds) The Auditory Cortex. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0074-6_16

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